第728章殿试制度
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朱由校一直没有太注意科举制度，为了适应大明朝，他的确知道一点科举制度，但对整个的流程知之甚少，就连朱木匠那边的记忆也没有太多，现在又出来一个殿试，的确让他不太明白。更多小说ltxsba.com
孙承宗一见皇上如此又在这样的事上开始糊涂一时了，开始给朱由校进行了科普教育：
“皇上，我朝开科取仕，是延了隋朝以来的科举制度，所为当然是为国招纳人才，而所取的人才，当然是读书人，所谓“十年寒窗无人问，一举成名天下知就是如此，而这十年寒窗，一样要经过层层的考试”。
“层层考试？”朱由校一听考试就犯怵，从小学六年初中高中六年，大学四年，大考小考，工作了还有这样那样的资格考试，一般说来，短短的一生，至少需要拿出十六年来应付考试，而许多的内容只会出现在卷面上，现实生活当中，半分用不着。白白的浪费自己的生命。悲催的中国应试教育，竟然从明代就开始了，并不是想象中的那样，背个小包，直接的进京赶考，然后得中状员。
想想西厢记里的张君瑞，人家不就是带个书童去的吗？但那只是考试故事的结尾，而不是全部啊。
“回皇上，的确是层层考试，大小考试可分以下几个步骤：一是童生试，这是取得秀才（又叫生员）资格的入学考试。凡是参加考试的人，不论年龄大小。都称童生、儒童、文童。童生先参加地方的州、县级考试，由州、县长官主考，童试预考通过以后称为‘生员’，也叫‘痒生’。通称‘秀才’】隔三年举行两次，包括县试、府试和院试，这就是三项考试。”
“二是乡试，每三年一次在京城和各省城举行的考试，由皇帝派遣正、副主考官主持。参加的人是通过本省学政事先考试（科考）成绩优良的秀才，多在八月举行，所以又称秋试、秋闱，也称大比。被录取的称为举人，第一名叫解元。所谓的‘解’是发送的意思，即由地方考取了将送往京城参加‘会试’。而元是第一的意思。第二名为亚元。第三四五名为经魁、第六名为亚魁、共创的名次都称文魁＄试都在子、午、卯、酉年举行。共分三场，叫正科；如果遇到国家庆典，加科称恩科。”
“三是会试。就是刚刚举行完的考试，通过乡试以后，第二年春天在京城礼部，由礼部侍郎主持的考试，或由皇帝特派正、副总裁主考官主持。辰、戌、丑、未年会试，为正科；而今年的则为恩科，因为在春天考试，所以又称春试、春闱。考中的当贡士，第一名叫会元。”
“由于会试是较高一级的考试，同考官的人数比乡试多一倍。主考、同考以及提调等官。都由较高级的官员滴。主考官称总裁，又称座主或座师。考中的称贡士，俗称出贡，别称明经，第一名称会元。”
“考场就是京城的贡院，”
“这个朕倒专门去看过，那里有上万间房间都是单间，但那个单间也太小了点吧，三天考试时间，能把人逼疯了吧。”朱由校插话说，那单间怎么看怎么象是牢房，还是关禁闭的那种。
“皇上说的正是，那些单间长五尺，宽四尺，高八尺。考生在进去前要先搜身，只能带书具和灯具进去，每人发给三支蜡烛，进去后，号门马上关闭上锁，考生就在里面答题，晚上也在里面休息，但由于房间太小，考生只能蜷缩着睡觉，真是要多难受有多难受。老臣就是从那里考中贡士的，想想还真觉得可怕。”
“贡士？不是考进士，中状员的吗？”朱由校不由的问道，这个贡士，的确让他迷惑。
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