第795章孰高孰低
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“我大明是一个以天子为尊的国家,一切均以天子为主,天子是至高无上的存在。龙腾小说ltxsba.com而贵宗所传教义,则以天主为最高,以教宗的意志为最高的命令,这岂不是要民众背叛我主吗?长此以往国将不国。故我大明必须拒绝天主教在大明传播。”
李国普听了尼金阁叨叨叨的一大通,先是肯定了一下,而后做出了总结。
“天主高高在上,是万物的主宰,连天地都是天主所造,庇护与天主之下,得天主之福音,那是大明之福,大明百姓之福。神宗当年已经准许我教在大明传播,现今又食言自肥,如此拒绝我教,是挑衅我教吗?”
金尼阁已经没有了刚才温文尔雅的绅士风度了,声音渐冷的问道。
“神宗准许贵教在大明传播,实为被贵教有所蒙蔽,贵教当时有无明示神宗,一旦信奉贵教,天子之位与教宗之位孰高孰低?即便今日,我皇亦有问,朕与教皇孰高孰低?两皇相见,是朕与其行礼,还是教皇向朕行礼?”
李国普这话一说,顿时大家都没有了声音,这个问题问的实在太荒诞无稽了。即便是在欧洲,这句也不是一句能说明白的,因为国王与教皇的关系也是分阶段的。
因为教皇和国王有关系有一定的时期限制,早期的基督教在罗马帝国是受到迫害的,只有在罗马帝国宣布基督教为国教时,教皇和国王才有可能产生关系.
第一个阶段:国王决定教皇。
在罗马帝国承认基督教为国教以后,罗马帝国就将基督教纳入到自己的保护之下.在这个阶段,历任的罗马帝国皇帝都自觉成为基督教的保护者,并深深介入到基督教教会的内部事物之中.基督教教会内部产生的矛盾要由罗马皇帝裁定是非,而教会的教皇则由罗马皇帝批准才可以就任。
第二个阶段:教皇决定国王。
罗马帝国灭亡以后,欧洲出现封建制,产生了大大小小的封建王国,这些国王权力的合法性自己说了不算,要经过教会教皇的‘祝圣‘才具有合法性.教皇不‘祝圣‘国王就不合法.这时教皇就有了对国王即位的决定权,教皇不同意某个国王即位,只需不给他‘祝圣‘这个国王就瞎菜.于是教皇这时就产生了对于国王的决定权。
第三个阶段:教皇和国王平起平坐。
宗教改革以后,教皇失去了对国王的决定权.其实,欧洲有些国家的宗教改革运动是在国王或明或暗的支持下发动起来的.宗教改革打击了教皇对世俗社会的控制权力,欧洲社会政教分离.宗教改革以后,国王和教皇平起平坐,各干各的.
更自神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理五世1526年攻陷罗马以后,以后的历代教宗实际已经不敢公开反对世俗君主的政治活动了。
但欧洲的国王和大明的皇帝有着截然不同的特点:
欧洲的国王是封建制度的产物,王国的结构是分层封下去的,而且世代相传.而被分封者有向分封者交纳所得税的义务.大约是所得的十分之一.所以欧洲的王国结构有点像逐级承包,国王就是一个发包商,但权力有限.
但大明的皇帝是一个高度集权的代表.中国的国家结构自秦开始是郡县制,皇帝任命官吏管理,但任命的官吏定期轮换.中国的封建制度在秦朝时就结束了,因为这个封字已经越来越弱了。封建,即封邦建国,古代帝王把爵位、土地分赐亲戚或功臣,使之在各该区域内建立邦国,即封建亲戚以藩屏周。看看中国。秦朝开始又哪里还有这种封建制度?
正因为中国国家政权力量无限的开始集中强大,宗教与皇帝如何定位,这一点谁又能说的清楚?除非是到了宗祯帝这样的天主教教徒手中,才能有一个明确的说法。
而朱由校以此为题让李国普问。在场的人直接无法回答♀里面当然是有陷阱的,位置之事。就三种,高、低、平,三种选择,但无论选择哪一种,都会落入朱由校的陷阱。
大明皇帝位置高于教宗,那还有什么可谈的,不想让你来传教。就这么简单。
低于的话。凭什么非找一个比大明皇帝位置高的人,自己有病吗?还是天主教一方有病,非要强加在大明身上一个太上皇,这个大明当然不会允许了。
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