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第三百二十一章:后方总院成立

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抗日之铁血兵王第三百二十一章:后方总院成立求订阅!

马铮与李澜清所说的霉菌现在没有人知道是什么东西,但是在后世他有一个相当响亮的名字——青霉素。龙腾小说ltxsba.com

关于青霉素,想必后世没有人不知道它的大名,这种强大的抗生素一经发明迅速引起了全世界的轰动,甚至于被列为二十世纪最伟大的发明之一。

事实上青霉素前期的研究早就在进行了,人们也已经发现了有这么一种可以杀死产的东西存在。在此之前,人类一直未能掌握一种能高效治疗细菌性感染且副作用小的药物,若某人患了肺结核,那么就意味着此人不久就会离开人世,在古代的中国,这种残一个骇人听闻的名字——痨病。

为了改变这种局面,科研人员进行了长期探索,然而在这方面所取得的突破性进展却源自一个意外发现。亚历山大·弗莱明由于一次幸运的过失而发现了青霉素,在1928年夏弗莱明外出度假时,把实验室里在培养皿中正生长着细菌这件事给忘了。3周后当他回实验室时,注意到一个与空气意外接触过的金黄色葡萄球菌培养皿中长出了一团青绿色霉菌。

在用显微镜观察这只培养皿时弗莱明发现,霉菌周围的葡萄球菌菌落已被溶解,这个发现让他很惊讶,这意味着霉菌的某种分泌物能抑制葡萄球菌。此后的鉴定表明,上述霉菌为点青霉菌,因此弗莱明将其分泌的抑菌物质称为青霉素。

然而遗憾的是弗莱明一直未能找到提取高纯度青霉素的方法,于是他将青霉菌菌株一代代地培养,并于1939年将菌种提供给准备系统研究青霉素的英国岔学家弗洛里和生物化学家钱恩。

通过一段时间的紧张实验,弗洛里、钱恩终于用冷冻干燥法提取了青霉素晶体。之后,弗洛里在一种甜瓜上发现了可供大量提揉霉素的霉菌,并用玉米粉调制出了相应的培养液。此后一系列临床实验证实了青霉素对链球菌、白喉杆菌等多种细菌感染的疗效。

青霉素之所以能既杀死产,又不损害人体细胞,原因在于青霉素所含的青霉烷能使产细胞壁的合成发生障碍。导致产溶解死亡,而人和动物的细胞则没有细胞壁。但是青霉素会使个别人发生过敏反应,所以在用前必须做皮试。

在这些研究成果的推动下,美国制药企业于1942年开始对青霉素进行大批量生产。到了1943年。制药公司已经发现了批量生产青霉素的方法。当时英国和美国正在和纳粹德国交战,这种新的药物对控制伤口感染非常有效。到1944年,药物的供应已经足够治疗第二次世界大战期间所有参战的盟军士兵。

青霉素对于战争的帮助绝对不会比任何一件先进的武器装备差多少,甚至有过之而无不及。一个真正的指挥官应当清楚,战场上最宝贵的并不是那些铁疙瘩。而是士兵。每一个有经验的老兵都是一笔宝贵的财富,事实上这些财富随着战争的消耗而减少,其中一少部分是直接死在了战场上,而更多地则是因为伤重不治身亡。而导致伤员大量死亡的罪魁祸首就是细菌感染以及伤口发炎化脓,战场上只要伤口不化脓不感染,伤员完全恢复的机率在80%以上。

此时世界大战的阴霾已经笼罩了大半个世界,德国的那位疯子已经成为了元首,并且德国的战车已经开进了莱茵非军事区,就在明年,那位喧子就会指挥他的陆空军团突袭波兰。挑战整个世界。很快整个世界都将被拖入战争的泥潭,到时候死亡的兵员将会是一个天文数字。

所以青霉素的研究必须提上日程了,在马铮看来这这种药物不仅仅是减少自身伤亡的一种良药,更是打开各国金库的一块敲门砖。

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