第二五〇章 君子之论
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宾客基本到齐,人介绍得差不多了,苏通开始为众人引介前来的两位秀才。龙腾小说ltxsba.com
这二人都属于有为的年轻人,不到二十岁就考上秀才,虽然目前尚不是廪膳生员,一个才刚通过岁试增补为县学增生,另一人则为县学附生,但二人却同时过了科试的选拔,可以参加下一届的乡试。
苏通请这两个秀才过来,目的是让他们给学弟传授应试经验。
像一些考试的环节就不用讲,二人讲的主要是复习哪些书经,读哪些文章,尤其是看哪些程文最有裨益。
文会一开始,只有这二人说话,别人都不搭话,有些书呆子已经匆忙研墨,拿起毛笔作起笔记来,显然是把这两个秀才的话当作金科玉律。
可问题是,院试在考试内容上,跟县试和府试没什么本质不同,要复习的也不过就是四书五经,至于背程文,谁敢保证哪篇程文比别的程文更有可能押中题目?
沈溪听了一会儿,甚是无趣,倒是旁边的吴胜面带笑容饶有兴致地听着。
等那二人介绍完经验,吴胜不由笑着曳,轻声道:“要是真有本事,何至于去年的乡试碌碌无为?”
沈溪略微一愣。
看起来这吴胜志向不小,人家二十岁前考中秀才,已是值得夸耀之事,他吴胜虽是年少成名,但毕竟还没中秀才,现在居然就考虑起中举人的事来了。
这年头,想在二十岁之前中举是非厂难的事,一事来,分摊到每个府每届最多不过一二人过关。但听吴胜的口气,他可以来年顺利通过生员考试,翌年马上可以中举,十六岁就可成为举人公一般。
学长的先进经验介绍完,后面就是文会所必备的项目,坐而论道。
但因有这两个“高年级”的师兄在,在场的一众童生都有些放不开手脚。无人敢出来开这个头。
苏通正要说话,却是吴胜抢先开口:“在下以为,君子以品德立世,诸位以为如何?”
在场的人有的已经在偷笑。这么浅显的道理,还用论?君子不拿品德立世,难道拿棒槌?
苏通笑道:“吴公子说的极是。”
吴胜笑了笑,难得有人搭茬,他也就顺着说下去:“在下又听闻↓子当守礼,这男女授受不亲,诸位以为呢?”
吴胜的话锋转变得有些快,刚才还在说君子的品德问题,现在说及礼法,还提到“男女授受不亲”,这必有下文。连那两个秀才也好奇地看着吴胜,揣测他葫芦里卖的到底是什么药。
吴胜续道:“若有女落水,君子立于岸,当如何?”
这下众人终于知道论点是什么了。
见到女人落到水里↓子应不应该救的问题。
这是个很深刻的问题。
其实这问题,在孟子中已经论述过,连一代圣人孟子都曾特别作论,探讨了一下嫂子溺水,绣子该不该救的问题。
“嫂溺,则援之以手乎?嫂溺不援,是豺狼也。男女授受不亲,礼也;嫂溺,援之以手者,权也。”这是孟子的原话。意思是,你嫂子落水之后,你不救就是豺狼,虽然有男女授受不亲的道理在里面。可施加援手,是因为事急从权。
但自从程朱理学盛行之后,女子贞节大于一切,对这命题也有了不同的看法,尤其是明朝中叶之后,一些思想家所坚持的却是就算你嫂子落水。也不能救,这才是真正守礼的君子。
孟子话说得容易,但圣人也没讨论过救完人之后的道德问题,你是把人救上来,人活了,关键是女人的名节当如何?若是你娘、你媳妇、你女儿,那什么都好说,可问题是跟你没有直系血缘关系的人,只要你跟她有身体上的接触,那以后你们算怎么回事?
这就好像老娘和媳妇同时落水应该先救谁的问题一样,这问题本身就是个伪命题,但在这年头,为了彰显礼法,这些问题都要被堂而皇之拿来讨论,并且从大德和汹诸多方面给出结论,防止民间出现相类似的事官府无从判决。
比如先救媳妇还是老娘,官方的基调就是必须要先救娘,这是孝道,是大节,就连媳妇也要明白孝义才是第一位的,若儿子先救媳妇,就会受到道德的批判,甚至会被革除功名,下狱问罪。
现在吴胜的这个问题,更加偏激,一个不认识的女人落水了,你作为一个君子该如何做?
虽然这问题基本已有现成的答案,但在钞人,却没一个开口搭话,救也不是,不救也不是,见死不救那不是君子,可你救了,那就要违背社会道德。
这不是给自己添堵吗
吴胜脸上挂着笑容,如果拿一般的命题来论,在他而言没什么意思⊥是这种非常特别的问题,才会产生非同一般的反响,也容易论出一些独特的道理。
众人不言,吴胜看着苏通道:“苏公子以为呢?”
苏通面色稍显尴尬,心里暗骂吴胜出难题,现在和和气气搞个文会,大家交流一下学问,你偏要起个这样令人纠结的命题,这不是诚心与人为难吗?
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