第四二一章 礼乐之治（第四更，贺新盟主）
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殿试与乡试、会试在号舍内考试不同，这是一次在皇宫奉天殿外举行的露天考试，天气晴朗还好，若是遇到阴天下雨，考试便会相应延期。更多小说ltxsba.com
考试的日子都是由钦天监算出来的，但即便是科学昌明的时代，也无法精确判断一天内是否刮风下雨，更别说让钦天监的人提前好些日子去算，这本身就有点儿撞大运的意思。
好在老天爷给面子，风和日丽，在这样的环境下考试，算是一种享受。
弘治皇帝朱祐樘高高在上，身边分列十四位殿试阅卷官，而在他们面前的露天广场上，坐着本届殿试应试的三百名贡士。
随着制诰宣读完毕，以制诰为主体的考题也下发到每一个考生手中，考生可以将制诰详细阅览，从中找出本次策问题的四道锈。
“制曰：朕惟自古圣帝明王之致治，其法非止一端，而孔子答颜渊问，为邦但以行夏之时、乘殷之辂、服周之冕，乐则韶舞，为言说者，谓之四代礼乐然。则帝王致治之法，礼乐二者足以井乎”
“宋儒欧阳氏有言，三代而上治出于一，而礼乐达于天下，三代而下治出于二，而礼乐为虚名，当时道学大儒称为古今不易之至论。今以其言考之，上下数千余年，致治之迹，具在可举而论之乎”
“夫三代而上，无容议矣，汉高帝尝命叔孙通定礼乐，负鲁两生不至，谓礼乐积德百年而后兴。厥后三国分裂，其臣有诸葛亮者，而世儒乃或以礼乐有兴，或以庶几礼乐许之。盖通与亮之为人，固不能无优劣，要之于礼乐。能兴与否，亦尚有可议者乎”
“我国家自太祖高皇帝。以神武创业，圣圣相承百有余年，礼乐之制作，以时以人宜无不备矣，然而治效之隆未尽复古，岂世道之升降不能无异耶抑合一之实，犹有所未至耶朕祗承丕绪，夙夜惓惓欲弘礼乐之化。益氯烈而未悉其道，子诸生其援据经史，参酌古今，具陈之，朕将亲览焉。”
沈溪拿到制诰全文，通览一遍，很快便将四道问题全数找了出来。
这是一篇关于礼乐的制诰，第一题说得很明白：“则帝王致治之法，礼乐二者足以井乎”
意思是，礼乐二事。足以道尽帝王致治的方法吗
这问题从辩证角度来说，纯属扯淡，光靠礼乐就能治国。那要军队做什么外敌入侵时你派人去给那些蛮夷讲礼乐法度又作何用做帝王的如何用至高无上的大权去震慑人心
但在这里，这道题却不能这么论，因为礼乐之治可是出自至圣先师孔子之口。颜孔子为政之道，子曰：“为邦但以行夏之时、乘殷之辂、服周之冕，乐则韶舞，为言说者，谓之四代礼乐然。”
连孔圣人都说了，只要把礼乐搞好，则天下安定。四海升平，你敢跟圣人唱反调。你是不想要功名了是吧
所以第一题，就算你不同意孔圣人的说法。也要赞同这种观点，因为这是科举考试，不是让你自由发挥。
第二题则根据第一题来进行引申，问的是为何汉唐宋三代的礼乐之治不及上古尧舜禹三代
这又是一个伪命题
根据欧阳修的一句话，非要说汉唐宋三代的礼乐之治徒有虚名，不及上古尧舜禹三代，你欧阳修是谁，不过是宋朝的一个大儒，有一天他突发奇想，如今大宋朝的礼乐之治不怎么样啊，然后就开始发表见地。
可问题是，上古尧舜禹三代的礼乐之治到底什么样子，没有人见过，所查所证不过是通过春秋之后的一些典籍，没亲眼见过谁知道尧舜禹的礼乐之治就不是徒有虚名
实际上那时候的人连生存都成问题，茹毛饮血的事没少做，这就是儒家所崇尚的礼乐之治
可三皇五帝到底是儒家所崇尚的圣明君主，圣明君主必定有圣明之治，礼乐之治超乎后世，连历代皇帝都不敢自比三皇五帝，若哪个皇帝真这么说了，必然会被史家耻笑。考生若拍马屁说，陛下圣明礼乐之治可超尧舜禹三代，你这是马屁拍在马蹄上。
看到这问题，沈溪又有些无奈，没办法，还是要做违心之言。这两道问题都是典型的唯心的考题，想辩证地去理解根本行不通。
好在第三题看起来像那么事。
第三题问的是，如何评价叔孙通和诸葛亮在礼乐之治上的建树和作为
叔孙通和诸葛亮都是一代名儒，一个接受汉高祖委托来制定汉朝礼乐法度，诸葛亮则是靠礼乐来教化百姓，令汉室偏安一隅但儒学礼乐并未因此而断绝。二人贡献都不小，可前文已经把论调给定了，尧舜禹三代的礼乐之治是后世无法超越的，就算你要评价叔孙通和诸葛亮，也不能违背这个原则，把他们捧到太高的位置。
第三题算是四道题中一个区分优生和差生的关键点，属于对历史人物的评价，若考生对这二人不熟悉，想把这道题答好是有些难度的。在没有考试大纲的情况下，考生未必会去研究叔孙通和诸葛亮二人到底在礼乐之治上有什么成就，单从题面上来答，文章所论必会有失偏颇。
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