第一零四章 其源可以滥觞
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当时,甲午战争还没有发生——关卓凡也不会允许它发生,对中国,世界各国依然目以一等大国,依然有相当的想象空间。龙腾小说ltxs520.com轩军赴美平叛胜利,又进一步拓宽了这种空间。而美国,因为在这场战争中,和中国结下了“鲜血凝成的友谊”,对中国,更有他国没有的一份好感和信心。
金融是需要“概念”的,中国这样的古老大国,大乱方平,“开始全面的改革开放和现代化建设”——天底下没有比这个更吸引人的“概念”了。
因此,关卓凡有足够把握,中国的国债,会在美国热销。
何况,负责承销的j.p.摩根,正是此道全世界最顶级的高手呢。
还有,摩根的公司,俺是有百分之五十的股份滴,肥水还是没有流了外人田嘛。
等到国内的人们看到国外的洋人踊跃认购中国的国债,自然会“转变观念”,积极购买本国的国债的。
慈禧轻叹了一口气,说道:“国债这个东西,好是好,可到了时候,咱们务必还得上才好。”
这句话居然颇中关窍。
国债的利息比银行低,又不需要抵押,似乎便宜了发行者;但另一方面,还本付息的时候,和贷款不同,国债绝无拖延展期余地,不然就是“违约”,严重的话,可以导致整个国家的金融信用的崩溃。
关卓凡说道:“太后圣明。臣等从头到尾,必定下死力气盯着,量入为出。断不容有不能及时还本付息的情状出现。还有。到了期限。如果国家另有兴作之处,咱们还可以发售新债。这个国债,是可以一期一期地发售下去的。”
慈安还懵懂,但慈禧和几位军机都听出来了,“国家另有兴作之处”是一个委婉的说法,关卓凡的真实意思是:万一到时候钱不够,可以发新债还旧债。
这么说,俺们可以一直花别人的钱?真是妙之极矣!
关卓凡说道:“洋人看重咱们的。是‘一切革新,锐意进取’这八个字。这个态势不变,洋人就愿意为咱们中国掏荷包。臣以为,洋人会这么想,国人也会这么想。”
两宫和军机都深深点头。
于是,修筑铁路和发行国债两件大事,就此定了下来。
钦定:在“顾委委员会”之下,设立一个“铁路股”,一个“国债股”,专司其事。
“铁路股”成为日后“铁路部”之滥觞;“国债股”成为日后“财政部”之滥觞。而且,从现在开始。户部之外,中央政府出现了另一个财政中心。
“顾问委员会”自此权重。
不过,关卓凡向恭王表示:铁路一事上,顾问委员会和总理各国事务衙门是要“精诚合作”的。
钦定:第一期国债的额度为五千万两白银,其中一千五百万两,在国内发售,由上海花旗银行牵头组团承销;另外三千五百万两,在海外发售,由美利坚国“摩根—山度士商行”牵头组团承销。
第一期的国债,用途主要是两个方向,一个是修筑铁路;一个是整顿旗务。
整顿旗务所费,主要是买断“旗龄”的“遣散费”。以一个旗兵五年的俸银为标准,一家旗户的“遣散费”为三百两。关卓凡的目标是五年内裁减十万旗户,则“遣散费”总计三千万两。
另外,关卓凡计划将裁下来的旗人,大部分迁移至黑、吉、辽,充当开发东北的“生产建设兵团”,这部分人数,约在四十至五十万上下,如此,种子、农具、冬衣、牲口,也将是一笔不小的花费。
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