第七十五章 以海为疆，以岛为土
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“洪武四年，”关卓凡说，“也就是前明开国的第四年，明太祖以‘海道可通外邦’，‘苟不禁戒，则人有惑利而陷于刑宪矣’，下诏敕谕大都督府禁海，‘濒海民不得私出海’，‘有犯者如律’。龙腾小说ltxs520.com↗”
顿了一顿，关卓凡说道：“说到这个‘律’，臣请太后听一段《大明律》。”
轻轻咳了一下，说道：“‘凡将牛马、军需、铁货、铜钱、段匹绢、丝绵私外境货卖，及下海者，杖一百。挑担驮载之人，减一等。货物船车，并入官，于内以十等分率，三分付告人充赏，若将人口、军器出境及下海者，绞。’”
慈禧微微皱眉，说道：“够狠的啊。”
关卓凡一笑，说道：“还没完——这些只是对付人犯的，下边儿还有别的——‘因而走泄事情者，斩。其拘该官司，及把守之人，通同夹带，或知而故纵者，与犯人同罪。失觉察者，减三等，罪只杖一百，军兵又减一等。’”
“嘿……”
顿了一顿，慈禧说道：“你的记心……可够好的呀。”
“谢太后奖谕。”关卓凡微微一笑，“彼时，欧洲人尚未涉足南洋，如果没有这个禁海令，只要咱们中国愿意，南洋好大的一片天地，都是可以拿了过来的——说什么无疆可开，无土可拓，海不是疆？岛不是土？英国人天下至强，不就是起自蕞尔三岛，纵横万里海疆，最终制霸万国？”
慈禧觉得自己的心跳快了起来。
海也是疆。岛也是土！
似乎。一个新的世界。正在向她缓缓打开了大门——半开半掩，门那边的光景，模模糊糊，还看不大清楚，但，已足够令人心动。
其实，关卓凡晓得，自己对朱元璋海禁政策的评价。并不十分公平。
朱元璋禁海，并非因为“天下早定”，再无壮志雄心，一心关起门来过日子；刚好相反，彼时最多只能说“天下初定”，麻烦还多着呢。北有蒙元虎视眈眈，随时准备南下“复国”；南有方国珍、张士诚残部盘踞沿海岛屿，内连奸党，外结倭寇，伺机卷土重来。朱元璋禁海的重要考量之一。就是把方、张余部，挡在国门之外。以便专心北事蒙元。
还有，关卓凡认为，以明初的生产力和生产关系，在经济上，中国根本没有将南洋纳入疆域的足够动力，硬要这么干的话，投入一定远远大于产出，南洋很快便会成为帝国的不可承受之重——这真的不仅仅是一个观念的问题。
所以，指责明朝念不及南洋，不以海为疆，不以岛为土，为烟消云散的郑和宝船捶胸顿足，某种意义上，也是对古人的一种不公平。
不过，这些就没有必要说给御姐听了——若关卓凡真傻乎乎地这么做了，必会模糊焦点，影响他的“开疆拓土”的立论和说服力。
我说给您听的，都是事实——不过，是选择过的事实。
政治，不就是这么回事吗？
何况，就算对朱元璋有什么不公平，也是有限的——无论如何，海禁是一种最消极的防御政策，饮鸩止渴，只好是短期行为。可是，明朝的海禁，虽然反反复复，时驰时紧，但总的来说，还是“祖制”和“国策”。正是起于朱元璋，中国才真正开始“内视”，数百年以降，愈来愈看不清、看不见世界浩浩汤汤的潮流。
这，是不争的事实。
“洪武之后呢？”慈禧问，“一直是这个样子么？”
“回太后，”关卓凡说，“洪武之后，永乐朝不仅‘一遵洪武事例禁治’，且变本加厉，敕令民间海船皆须改为平头船——太后，平头船不能远洋航行，这是釜底抽薪的法子，厉害不过！所以臣谓之‘变本加厉’。”
慈禧有点儿奇怪了：“可是，三宝太监不就是永乐朝的事儿吗？”
“回太后，”关卓凡说，“所谓海禁，是禁民间下海，不是禁朝廷和官府的。”
“啊，我明白了——只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。”
关卓凡笑了：“太后圣明。”
顿了一顿，继续说道：“永乐以后，时紧时松，到了嘉靖朝，再次严申海禁，甚至‘查海船但双桅者即捕之，所载虽非番物，以番物论，具发戍边卫’。”
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