第七章 用心深刻
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十二世达赖喇嘛入觐，不叫他走青海、蒙古的路线，是为了削弱达赖喇嘛在青海、蒙古地区的影响力。这个情形，和国初的时候，刚刚好倒转了过来：那个时候，朝廷为抚绥青海、蒙古，必要大力借重达赖喇嘛，五世达赖喇嘛入觐，若不走青海、蒙古，朝廷恐怕还不答应呢。
当然，减少路途时长，也是重要的考量。毕竟，六岁的孩子，体气再壮，和成年人相比，也是娇弱的。花在路上的时间愈少，出现的意外状况就愈少。
只是，就连关卓凡也没有想到，在十二世达赖喇嘛的健康问题上，德柱活佛的想法，和北京的君臣并不一样此次入觐，不要说十二世达赖喇嘛的“健康”了，就连其“生死”，亦不是德柱活佛真正在意的。
虽然，他是十二世达赖喇嘛的经师，就师徒之间的私人感情来说，还是非常深厚的。
可是，德柱活佛眼中，十二世达赖喇嘛，不是他德柱一个人的徒弟，甚至，不能算“一个人”。他是全西藏的达赖喇嘛，既然接受全西藏的供奉，就有为全西藏奉献的义务。就算有什么不忍言之事，那也是“割肉饲鹰”，是他的本分西藏这边儿，再“转世”一个达赖喇嘛就是了，有什么大不了的？
关键是，十二世达赖喇嘛的“牺牲”，能不能为西藏换取最大化的利益？
这些是后话，暂且按下不表。
“十二世达赖喇嘛既然入觐，”慈禧说，“轩军……是不是暂时就不必入藏了？”
“是。”关卓凡微微一笑，“不过，也不必着急撤回来。”
“嗯，”慈禧点了点头，“我晓得，要‘改土归流’了。”
“改土归流”，即废土司，设流官。
自汉武帝开拓西南夷始，近两千年来，中原王朝锲而不舍经略西南，但直至清雍正之前，中央政府对西南的大片国土，只有宗主权，没有真正意义上的行政权，或者说，只有很不完整的行政权。
中央政府对上述地区的统治，是通过“土官治土民”的土司制实现的。土司皆为世袭，一个土司就是一个土皇帝，在其治下，横征暴敛，生杀予夺，朝廷基本不能干涉。土司向朝廷缴纳的赋税，也只是象征性的。
土司制起于唐之羁縻州，成于元，到了明朝，其弊端已曝露无疑。
土司治下，犹如独立王国，时日愈长，土司的骄狂之气愈长，愈轻视朝廷的权威。对内，土司愈加暴虐，对外，则愈加张狂，动辄彼此攻伐，大打出手，不但不听朝廷节制，有那野心膨胀的，连朝廷都照打不误。
永乐朝的思南田琛、思州田宗鼎的两田之乱，万历朝的播州杨应龙之乱，天启朝的奢安之乱，这几场土司叛乱，规模都相当不小，尤其是杨应龙之乱、奢安之乱，虽然局促西南一隅，但都产生了全国性的影响，平叛耗费的巨大人力物力，对明朝的衰亡，起到了或直接、或间接的作用。
清世宗登基，痛定思痛，决意彻底铲除土司制这个毒瘤。
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