第十章 新官制,新王爷
最新网址:m.ltxsdz.com
呃……
千万只草泥马在心头奔腾而过……
改了政府,改了寺庙参政议政的形式,还有一样要紧物事,也是要改的藏军。
国初的时候,西藏并没有正式的军队,平时就是耕作、放牧的普通百姓,既不进行军事训练,更没有固定的编制,遇有战事,当政者按各部落大小,征调“差兵”,并由服役者自备马匹、粮草、武器。
这样的军队,能有什么战斗力?敌人稍稍强悍一些,便一触即溃。所以,西藏碰到蒙古,一点法子也没有,先后受制于和硕特、准噶尔,全然动弹不得。同廓尔喀见仗,也是一败涂地。
有鉴于此,平定廓尔喀之乱后,高宗命西藏组建了一只三千人的正规部队,额设“代本”六员,四品官,每人辖五百人,一切军需物资皆由噶夏政府发给。
这支所谓的“正规部队”,战斗力也十分可疑,平日纪律松懈,训练水平低下,基本是三天打鱼、两天晒网的状态,且一直缺额严重,不过聊胜于无罢了。
这个情况,噶夏政府和驻藏大臣都是心知肚明的,可是,噶夏政府的噶伦们,忙着争权夺利,根本顾不上这些;驻藏大臣呢,睁一只眼,闭一只眼,只当没看见在这个问题上,朝廷是精神分裂的:既希望外敌入侵西藏的时候,当地政府可以分担朝廷的压力,又不愿意西藏真正拥有自己的战力强悍的军队。
不过,实话实说,密宗深入人心之后,藏人的民族特性便发生了根本性的变化藏人已经打不了仗了。那个曾经压得盛唐时候的中国喘不过气来的吐蕃,早已烟消云散,永远不可能复现了。
因此,瞻对之乱时,西藏举全藏之力,还是拿不下贡布朗杰,最后还是由汉员带队,才勉强把瞻对兵赶出了理塘。
关卓凡改革藏军,亦非为了增加藏军的战斗力,而是要把这支军队的指挥权,抓在朝廷手里,不过,用的名义,还是藏军战力低下,不能不大加整顿。
怎么整顿呢?嗯,仿绿营例,由轩军负责对藏军进行“整编”这个,全国上下一盘棋,西藏也不例外嘛。
这样一来,藏军的改制,并没有像噶伦、译仓、孜康改制那样,直接祭以“朝廷”的名义,改制的结果,却比噶伦、译仓、孜康更加彻底,藏军的指挥权,完整地转移到了轩军的手里,也即转移到了“朝廷”的手里。
从此以后,未经驻藏大臣和管带藏军的轩军将领,藏人首脑,不论噶伦还是摄政,乃至达赖喇嘛,都无法再调动藏军的一兵一卒了。
需要指出的是,以上所有改制,都是前藏地区的即达赖喇嘛统治地区;后藏为班禅额尔德尼统治,班禅一向乖觉,对朝廷从无二心,暂时不必去动他。
由瞻对之乱衍生而来的川地藏区的“改土归流”,以及西藏前藏地区的“改革官制”,至此落下帷幕,结果十分圆满,可以说远超预期,且由始至终,朝廷未发一枪,未开一炮。
上谕明发,轩郡王关卓凡以“安定川藏之功”,由亲王衔郡王爵,进亲王爵,是为轩亲王。
关卓凡固辞不准,只能谢恩领受。
对关卓凡进亲王,自然是有人有想法的,但“安定川藏”,是永固金瓯、泽及后世的大功勋,没有人能够不服气。
关卓凡从“安定川藏”中捞到的好处,并不止于一个亲王。
瞻对之乱时,朝廷里生出的一个小小枝节,被关卓凡大肆借题发挥,结果收益奇钜。
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