第十四章 恢复唐、宋旧制耳
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“地理时务,刘偶斋确实隔膜,”关卓凡说道,“可是,孔、孟的书,写在两千多年前;程、朱的书,也写了七、八百年了。龙腾小说ltxs520.com艮翁你想啊,圣贤再洞烛世代,这千百年之后发生的事情,他们又如何晓得?嘿嘿,难道‘掐指一算’?”
顿了一顿,继续说道:“所以,后世种种,自然是写不到圣贤书里去的。刘偶斋孔、孟、程、朱之书虽然都读熟了,一涉时务,依旧荒唐,也就不奇怪了。”
倭仁呆了一呆,张了张嘴,却没有说出什么来。
关卓凡的话,皮里阳秋,味道古怪,该怎么接口?他可不像真为刘云溪打抱不平,可是,也没理由抱怨孔、孟、程、朱不能“洞烛百代”啊?这个……
“艮翁,”关卓凡笑了一笑,好像知道倭仁在想什么,“你别误会,我可不敢非议先贤!后人不肖,要好好自省,自个儿是不是不够争气?怎么敢把责任推到老祖宗头上?”
“王爷,我,这个……愚钝,呃,就请王爷明示吧。”
“圣贤的书,当然要一如既往,读熟、读透;不过,除此之外”
关卓凡加重了语气:“中外时务,也不能隔膜了!毕竟,举业出身的读书人,不仅仅是埋首书斋里做学问,更要襄理天子,抚牧万民!嗯,是要与闻国计、参知政事的!如果都像刘偶斋那个样子……嘿嘿,这个天下。会给治理成什么样子?”
“王爷……似乎过虑了?刘偶斋那样的,毕竟只是少数……”
关卓凡打断了倭仁的话:“只怕不少!”
言罢,站了起来,来回踱了两步,说道:“艮翁,我晓得,颇有人抱怨,我用人。少用‘正途’出身,多用‘杂途’出身可是,真正叫无可奈何!正途出身,如果有足够合适的人才,我何必舍近求远?我难道不愿意听言路的一片颂扬之声?实在是没……唉,实在是难!”
顿了一顿,又踱了两步。说道:“现今的世道。真正叫‘三千年未有之大变局’,中外形势,日夕万变!‘一心只读圣贤书’是要的,可是,‘两耳不闻窗外事’,是决计要不得的了!许多正途出身的人,如刘偶斋之流,还是没有醒过味儿来!”
“国计所关。一出一入,要么,几百万两银子的上落,要么,几千颗人头的去留!艮翁,你想一想,责任如此之重大,我怎么敢用昧于形势之人?我如果一味讨言路的好儿,所用非人。那……不是欺君,不是误国吗?!”
倭仁本就不善言辞。他又是理学宗师,讲究“诚心正意”、“察几慎动”。关卓凡说的,尖锐固然尖锐,恳切却也十分恳切,思来想去,竟是无可辩驳!
不由就长长的叹了口气。
关卓凡见倭仁已有所动,心里暗笑,面儿上,却是神情愈发郑重,微微皱着眉,叹道:“其实,也怪不得这班读书人!从‘县式’到‘殿试’,大小无数考试,都以‘时文’为主,也没有两次正经考‘时务’的!读书人十年寒窗,一切心力,全放在‘时文’上面,‘时务’上面,自然隔膜,荒唐如刘偶斋,也就不稀奇了!”
“时文”,就是八股文;“时务”倭仁自然而然,想到了三个字:“时务策”。
“时务策”,这是远比“时文”更加古老的一个名词。
唐、宋科举,经义之外,都要考“时务策”,也叫“试策”、“策论”,即要求考生对时政问题,发表自己的看法和议论。彼时,经义、时务并重,两者不可偏废。
到了明朝,“时务策”的考试,基本取消,集中考试考生对经义的理解和掌握。
清承明制,虽然还在各级科举考试的一头一尾“县试”和“殿试”中,留了一点“时务策”的尾巴,但其对考生的逐级进迁,不存在什么实质性的影响。所以,考生的精力,依旧几乎百分百放在了经义上面。经义是用“时文”八股文来诠释的,因此,考生十载寒窗,绝大部分光阴,都花在了八股文上面。
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