第710章 随机之问
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“回先生的话，千人千口，喜好各有不同。学生不敢以偏概全，仅说自己，觉得这红烧肉最是美味。”那学子答道，说完，又有些不好意思的笑道：“学生之前从没吃过这红烧肉，倒是初至长安时，见那醉仙楼里有过，不过学生也吃不起。书院之中，一份才几文钱，学生就能吃得起了。听在醉仙楼里吃过的同窗说，书院的红烧肉比醉仙楼里面的还要地道！”
李世民哈哈大笑：“来来来，我来请你吃那红烧肉去！”
“不敢，不敢！”那学子行礼谢道：“多谢先生好意！不过，学生自己亦拿得出这些钱财来，且无功不受禄，学生却是不能吃先生的请。”
轮到了那学子买饭，趁着空档，李世民转头对夏鸿升低声道：“温润有礼，不卑不亢，不错。”
那学子买完了饭菜，在旁边等着李世民，李世民也买了几样，同他还有与他同行的另外几个学子一道过去，同桌坐了下来。
席间李世民问了些书院的情况，学子们也都一一作答。夏鸿升看出来李世民这是想要借学子之口看看书院，也是想要听听看看泾阳书院学子的素质。于是也不吭声，在一旁只是听着。
问着问着，李世民的问题就有些令夏鸿升觉得古怪了。
却听李世民问道：“古人云，‘国家将有失道之败，而天乃先出灾害以谴告之，不知自省，又出怪异以警惧之，尚不知变，而伤败乃至。以此见天心之仁爱人君而欲止其乱也。……及至后世，淫佚衰微，不能统理群生，诸侯背畔，残贼良民以争壤土，废德教而任刑罚。刑罚不中，则生邪气；邪气积于下，怨恶畜于上。上下不和，则阴阳缪盭而妖孽生矣。此灾异所缘而起也’，尔等作何理解？”
夏鸿升心头一紧，赶紧抬起了头来，心中很是不解李世民问这天人感应的东西却是为何？！
却见对面的那几个学子却是相视一笑，其中一个学子笑问道：“先生所言乃是儒家董仲舒所提之‘天人感应’之学说吧！这个……董仲舒的“天人感应说”，其实是典型的客观辩证唯心主义学说。他从儒教立场出发，继承了西周以后的“天命观”，结合了“阴阳五行学说”，认为天虽然没有言语和耳目手足的人形，却是有情感、有意志、有道德、有目的，天意由自然和人间的秩序表现出来，从自然界阴阳五行的有序变化到人类的物质生活与文化生活，都是天意的安排。他的观点是，统治者违背天意，就要遭到政权垮台、国家灭亡的下场；反之，统治者顺从天意，就会得到天的奖励，给予风调雨顺、五谷丰登、国泰民安，国家长治久安。”
李世民一愣，十分不解的重复道：“客观辩证唯心主义学说？那是何物？”
夏鸿升呛了一下，一口汤喷进了碗里。
“咳咳咳……没事没事，你们继续说。”夏鸿升向看过来的几人摆了摆手。
“回先生的话，是一种哲学流派，这一派别的主要特征就是，认为人对客观世界是不可知的。”另一个学子转头对李世民解释道。
李世民点了点头：“天人感应，的确如方才所言，统治者违背天意，就要遭到政权垮台、国家灭亡的下场；反之，统治者顺从天意，就会得到天的奖励。可这天意到底如何，又有谁知道。那诸位是如何看待这个学说的？”
又一学子答道：“辩证的看待这个学说，首先，它有一定的正确性它肯定了同类的事物之间有着相互的联系。当然，作为一种唯心主义学说，天人感应的这种观点其实是错误的。”
“哦？”李世民眼中一亮，问道：“且细细道来！”
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