第1182章 罐头
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二人到玻璃坊，夏鸿升画了一张图样，教玻璃坊的掌柜安排下去做玻璃瓶。吩咐之后，临走时还挑走了好些现成的，让玻璃坊掌柜给送到泾阳去。
出来玻璃坊，二人就没在去别的地方，径直回了泾阳。
玻璃坊的掌柜对夏鸿升吩咐的事情不敢有慢，夏鸿升他们前脚回去泾阳没过多久，傍晚时候，那些经过夏鸿升挑选出来的玻璃瓶就送到了泾阳。
“小心些，别弄碎了。”夏鸿升指挥着家丁们将玻璃瓶放下来，足足有百十个。
“郎君，弄来这么些玻璃瓶作甚？”徐惠在旁边看着，问道。
“做一样东西。”夏鸿升神秘道，说罢，又看看玻璃瓶，对送来的人交代道：“这些玻璃瓶只是勉强可用，回去交代掌柜，我给他画那种，让他尽快安排去做出来。”
送玻璃瓶来的小厮行礼应下，便离去了。
“齐勇，你去将木匠喊来，让他量量瓶口，去将软木塞做出来。”夏鸿升吩咐道。
“好嘞！”齐勇答应一声，便去庄子上寻木匠去了。
待齐勇离去，徐惠才又问道：“郎君要做何物？”
“一种可以长期放置，不会腐坏变质的食物——恩，许更像是一种储藏食物的方法。”夏鸿升想了想，对徐惠说道：“出远门的人，或是过冬的时候没有绿菜蔬果，这东西就派上用场了。到时候做成了，冬天也能让你吃上江南的梅子。”
徐惠喜吃青梅，可惜冬天吃不到。夏鸿升往大棚里面栽培了几颗，不过结出来的终究没有江南应季而生的可口。
夏鸿升要做的正是罐头。
长途远洋，各种罐头是必不可少的。船上条件不好，携带的东西容易腐坏，就算是带了粮食，也是如同军中一般，尽以能长时间保存不坏为主，至于种类和口味，那便是不可苛求的了。
也正因为如此，船上的人因吃不上新鲜的蔬菜、水果等食品而患病，有的还患了严重威胁生命的坏血症。
而在原本的历史上，也正是为了应对战线太长，大批食品运到前线后便会腐烂变质的问题，罐头这种方法才被发明了出来。
其实做法也很简单，就是将将食品处理好，做成熟，然后再装入广口瓶内，将广口瓶置于沸水锅中，加热一段时间之后，趁热，用软木塞将瓶口塞紧。接着，再用线加固缝隙并用蜡将所有缝隙封死，便做成了罐头。这种办法，就能较长时间保藏食品而不腐烂变质。
其实，做罐头就是一个为熟食创造一个尽量无菌的环境，并将此无菌环境密封以防外界的细菌再次进入导致食物腐败变质的过程。
而灭菌的法子，土法做罐头的时候是就是用开水煮，有条件的还可以用热蒸汽灭菌。然后趁热塞裹蜡的软木塞，再用线缠绕软木塞和瓶口的缝隙，再裹一层蜡将其密封，然后自然放凉。
这个趁热密封然后自然冷却的过程，其实也是一个热灌装的过程。而热灌装一则可以进一步消除内壁的细菌，二则，热灌装并密封之后，随着自然冷却，瓶内也可以相对的形成一个类似于真空的环境——虽然这个真空只是相对的真空，而并非真正的真空，但却也还是可以起到一些阻止细菌形成的作用的。
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