第564章 甘霖润万事(2)
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所谓的浚川杷，就是一个巨大的铁耙子。因为黄河淤积泥沙之故，有人向王安石献策，打造巨大的铁耙，挂在船后在河底扒泥，将河底淤积起来的泥沙扒松了，然后让水冲走。这样河床就不会一年年的抬高。
王雱盯着韩冈的神色变化，问着：“玉昆，你看此物如何？”
通过雪橇车一物，加上霹雳砲，放大镜等发明，韩冈在机关巧器方面已经是权威。王雱要问一问他的意见，而韩冈的回答是摇头：“此事断不可为！”
“为何？”王雱诧异的问道，“此事已经有了成例。”
成例？！
韩冈终于想起自己什么时候听说过此事了，就是去年方兴当笑话说起的，提举大名府界金堤范子渊——也就是治河的大臣——在黄河分流的二股河上，征发了几十艘船，在河上来回拖着一个大耙子，说是要松土浚河。
这根本是笑话，希合上意的人太多了，王安石既然喜欢浚川杷，下面自然敢不顾事实的来附和。
其实没有实际见到疏浚河流的场面，说此事不可行，不是正确的做法。但韩冈可以确定，没有流传到后世的治河手段，多半就是不可行的。
韩冈组织了一下言辞，反问着王雱：“敢问元泽，关中亦有黄河，为何不见长安要年年增高堤坝？”
“当是水势缓急不同，泥沙不沉之故。”这个道理王雱很清楚，“浚川杷的用处就是扒松河底泥沙，让水流将之带入海中。”
“此乃缘木求鱼。黄河之水，一碗水半碗泥，到了秋时，更是八分沙两分水。今天将泥土掘松，明天就能再淤积上。难道要日日施行不成？这要耗费多少人工？！”
“那玉昆你有何良策？！”
黄河治水的故事韩冈听得太多了，后世行之有效的方案他也能粗浅得说个大概，现在终于有机会在他人面前提起，“很简单。顺势而为之。既然黄河之水能将泥沙带来，也能将泥沙带走——也就是束水攻沙！”
“束水攻沙？”
“大堤之内再筑一堤，强行让黄河水流加速，是泥沙不得淤积。而河水被内堤拘束，自然要深切河槽。河槽日深，也就相当于大堤日高，常此以往，河堤自然稳固。纵有洪水来袭，也是在内堤之中流淌，而且还会冲刷去更多的泥沙。就算洪水过大，以至于漫过河槽，外侧还有外堤括起的宽滩来分洪。到时候，泥沙在宽滩上淤积，也就相当于增加了内堤的高度。”
韩冈此言别出一格，又随手拿过笔墨纸张画着剖面图，让王雱为之深思。
见着王雱皱眉思索，韩冈更进一步说道：“设内外双堤，堤防可固。堤防既固，则水不泛滥而自然归于河槽。河水既归于河槽，则不能上溢必然下刷。沙之所以涤，渠之所以深，河之所以导而入海，皆相因而至。”
一直以来，治理黄河水患所用的方案都是分水势，通过将洪水分流而减缓水势，使得黄河不至于破堤。
“但分水愈众，水势愈缓。水势愈缓，泥沙则沉积愈多。泥沙沉积愈多，则河槽愈髙。一年年反复累积，到了如今就已经变成屋上行舟。如此治水，只会越来越难，而黄河破堤也会越来越频繁。”
王雱想了一阵，觉得韩冈说得极是有理，但又不敢就此点头，却道：“这还要让愚兄多想一想，也得跟父亲商量一下。”
韩冈笑道：“其实这仅是治标之术，泥沙大半入海之后，日积月累，也有沧海桑田之虞，到时候，说不定河水还会因海潮而倒灌回来。”
“治本呢？”
声音从身后传来。
韩冈和王雱惊得一下起身。方才一个说、一个听，都聚精会神，竟没有注意到王安石什么时候回来了。
王安石做了下来：“玉昆，你继续说，治本的方法是什么？”
“只要让黄河不再携带泥沙就可以了。黄河水一清，河槽就不会年年上涨，而是不断的冲刷下陷，自是不会再泛滥。而黄河水中泥沙，皆来自于关中、关西。再往上，则终年清澈如泉。究其故，还是关中关西的不毛土山太多，一有雨水，便泥水同下，汇入河中。若是山上有草木覆盖，山间流水便会清澈许多。”
水土流失的道理，其实不要韩冈说，这个时代的对水利稍有关心的士人，都能有个朦朦胧胧的意识在。韩冈只是这么一说，王安石父子便都点起头来。
“关西、关中两地皆是黄土堆积成山，欲使山上有草木覆盖，非积百年之功不可为。而近日小婿曾听闻，朝中有人提议，从熙河路伐木以治宫室。此事万万不可。如今熙河路草木丰茂，河水泥沙量少。若是山中树木采伐一空，河中泥沙便会加倍增多，届时黄河必然更加难治。”
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