第16章 晚来谁复鸣鞭梢(下)
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苏洵的弊在赂秦，迎合的是仁宗年间元昊起兵立国的时势，是借古讽今，反对给西夏岁赐以求息兵。并不是为了论六国而论六国。说起道理，真的放在战国末年的环境中来评价，其实是很偏驳的。
苏轼的六国论则是偏了题，变成了过秦论。不说六国因何亡，不说秦因何得天下。只说秦速亡，乃是因为不养士之故。只要能将‘智、勇、辩、力’这四等人豢养起来，剩下的愚民无人领导，纵受压榨也不用担心。抱着这样的观点，所以一说到免役法的不好，就是官宦人家若是少了衙前役的百姓在门前奔走，将会‘凋敝太甚，厨传萧然，似危邦之陋风，恐非太平之盛观。’
至于苏辙的六国论，最近才在士林中传播开。说六国覆亡是坐视赵楚齐燕坐视秦人攻打据有中原腹地的韩魏，等韩魏一灭，四国亦不能独存。从天下地理战略上不为错，但指望山东六国能长年累月的守望相助，还不如指望老母猪能爬树，一点现实意义都没有。
三苏的《六国论》以说动世人为目的，并不在乎说辞的是非对错，牵强与否。在儒门，这是不可容忍的。于儒者看来，道理应该是万世不磨的规则，怎么见人说人话，见鬼说鬼话？所以王安石对苏洵、苏轼的评语，最严重的就是说他所学不正，乃是纵横术。
而且不仅仅是王安石，二程，还包括张载，都批评苏洵的史论，是苏张之流。以其两头说话，总是试图以小证大，是纵横家的手段。
韩冈将这些观点简略的说了一通，折可适点头道，“原来如此。”
“不仅如此。”静坐着的黄裳忽然又接口，“如果仅仅是因为史论，便说是三苏乃纵横家一流，那倒是污蔑了。苏明允所著的《权书》、《衡论》、《几策》，苏子瞻在参加制举前，上《进论》二十五篇，《进策》二十五篇，乃至苏子由在制举考试中，以道听途说之言污蔑仁宗，这一桩桩事做出来，却都是在运用纵横术，以博功名。”
黄裳言辞变得激烈起来，“此外苏家父子的错缪并不限于史论。苏明允有《易论》，说《易》之难明，乃是圣人故意为之。‘探之茫茫，索之冥冥，童而习之，白首而不得其源’。圣人之学难窥难测，如天之高，神之幽，故而世人尊圣人而不敢违。也就是说圣人是故弄玄虚，就像售符水的巫婆神汉。这番言论，却把圣人看得浅了。故弄玄虚，那是纵横术中的一条法门，岂是儒门正道？！贼眼里看人都是贼，此是一例！”
折可适有些发怔，他还是第一次见到黄裳如此激动的样子。而黄裳一通话砸了出来，省悟过来之后，又自觉失态，道了歉，坐下来喝茶。
道统之争，一如生死大敌。从黄裳身上，就能看得一清二楚了。韩冈暗暗摇头，心中也有几分凛然。
前几日他刚刚收到苏辙对《春秋》的几篇注解。本想着拿出来跟黄裳一起评析。在《易》和《春秋》两经上，黄裳有着很高的造诣。而且韩冈手上还有苏轼对《春秋》的注释，正好可以将苏家兄弟二人的观点一起研读。但现在看黄裳的模样，还是等过两日再说。
不过韩冈对苏轼经学观点印象更深的，是他对《中庸》一书的大加批驳。而黄裳对三苏父子的成见也来自于此。苏轼说《中庸》其书鄙滞而不通，汗漫不可考。又说《中庸》的作者子思求圣人之道而不可得，所以‘务为不可知之文’，也就说子思不懂装懂，然后故作高深，欺骗后世。而后人被其唬住，‘相欺以为高，相习以为深’。
这与张门、程门乃至新学三家的观点完全对立。但韩冈则有两三分赞同。他一向主张大道至简，反对往玄虚里说话。把中庸当成行事准则就够了，若是钻着字眼，沉湎于经传，跟皓首穷经的汉儒也没两样了。要明体达用，关键是实践在世间的‘用’啊！他要实践自然科学，当真要在儒门经典上花费太多功夫，可就走偏了。
“苏氏父子，其谬甚明，倒也不用担心乱我正道。”韩冈慢条斯理的说道，“可虑者，一干似是而非之言，似是而非之论。似是有理，使人难辨真伪。实则错缪，致人远离正道。”
折可适屏声静气，虽然有些不明白，但韩冈平淡的语调中，却有种莫名的压迫感。
“子曰：乡愿，德之贼也。乡愿何以为贼，‘非之无举也，刺之无刺也，同乎流俗，合乎污世，居之似忠信，行之似廉洁，众皆悦之，自以为是，而不可与入尧舜之道，故曰“德之贼”也。’‘恶莠，恐其乱苗也；恶佞，恐其乱义也；恶利口，恐其乱信也；恶郑声，恐其乱乐也；恶紫，恐其乱朱也；恶乡愿，恐其乱德也。’”韩冈抿了口茶水，润了润喉咙，“这些归纳起来，也就四个字，似是而非。人如此，道亦如此。乱大道者，也就在这似是而非上……”
黄裳坐直了身子，抿着嘴，眼神坚定。
韩冈一番话虽未有明指，但他的态度已经很明显了。总结起来，就是正邪不两立。对于其他学派，要硬顶着来了。
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