第38章 何与君王分重轻(七)
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而他本人的态度,这个枢密副使不做也罢,将挂在身上的靶子丢到一边吸引箭矢,自己也就能够轻松上阵。
真正的争夺是在太子那边。谁都想要一个传习大道的皇帝学生。但资善堂处,还有这些天几乎被人忘掉的程颢。
韩冈的半个老师,现在似乎比王安石更得。王安石还要分心政事,而程颢的心力就全在教学上。如沐春风般的授课,不仅仅在京中士林渐渐受到尊敬,也让太子赵佣和伴读的王益——王诜与蜀国公主的独子——都乐于上程颢的课。
这才是大问题。
……………………
韩冈、王旖带着孩子到家不久,冯从义就跑过来了。
韩冈昨天才抵京,没有来得及跟冯从义深谈。这段时间,京城钱币波动极大,冯从义主持银号,免不了被牵连进去。
直到韩冈从河东送了一篇文章,在报上发表了。
冯从义将韩冈的《钱源》看了一遍又一遍,简直五体投地。
按韩冈的说法货币只要维持住信用,就能通行于市。可是现在京城百姓对大钱的信心一落千丈,除非韩冈能继续得到重用,否则折五大钱就很难继续发行。
“现在的折五大钱都快赶上陕西当年发的交子了。”在韩冈面前,冯从义叹着气,钱币贬值对他的生意影响很大,想想也不免抱怨。本来以为韩冈回来后会有所改变,孰料。朝堂上的变化直接让他的希望落空。
“交子现在不能发。陕西、蜀中倒也罢了,都是有缘故的。可京师腹心地,哪里随便发纸钱?”
“可惜不是陕西、蜀中。否则就没那么多麻烦了。”
“因为朝廷的信用撑不住。”
韩冈很清楚,执政最忌讳的就是挑战民众的底限。百姓对朝廷的信心向来不足,至少现在还不是使用纸币的时候,必须是硬通货才行。韩冈之所以不动交子的心思,就怕朝廷兴起时,在中原、江南开始发行纸币。
毕竟蜀中、关西是特殊的货币区,早就习惯了,但中原腹地不能这么玩,至少现在不行。拿张纸出来,信用无论如何都很难维持,一旦贬值就会没有底限。
其实这个时代已经有了很明显的信用制度。最典型的例子就是交子。
庆历年间,为了应付西北边境上日益膨胀的后勤需要,困于粮草输送的朝廷,便扩大了入中的制度。并为此发了六十万贯交子,送粮到前线,便能收到交子作为凭证。而交子抵代的金钱,则是让转运使辖下诸军州拨还。虽说按朝廷的要求是‘止当据官所有现钱之数印造’,有准备金就印多少交子,仅仅起到是兑换的用途,免去运输钱币到前线的耗费。可实际上,交子的印制数量都远在准备金之上。
之后西北战乱不断,入中纳粟的政策不得不继续推行,陕西交子也跟着发行,至今为止已经发行了二十多界[通届]。陕西的交子以两年为一界,每界到期,便让民众将手中旧交子兑换成新交子,由于兑换有名为贯头钱的手续费,还有因故无法来兑换被强行作废的交子,朝廷每年都能有二三十万贯的额外收入,这还不算超发的部分。而蜀中一直在发行的交子不论从时间还是规模,都远大于陕西,所以朝廷从中牟取的好处就更大了。
朝廷在交子发行的过程中,所得到的好处让几任天子都难以割舍,对朝廷财计有着巨大的补益。故而相对的也会维持交子的信誉。当交子贬值,当地衙门都会出钱购回一部分交子销毁——纵然不知道货币信用的本质,可行动却是合乎道理的。
除了交子之外,还有盐钞。同样也可以算是钱。交子以现钱为储备金,而盐钞那是以盐为储备金来发行的货币,商人拿盐钞可以去兑换相应数量的解盐。有有现钱公据,类似盐钞,不过是改成在在京师兑换钱币,类似后市的支票,朝廷直接拿来在陕西购买粮草。
但这些都拥有着货币属性的纸张,都不能得到人们的信任,陕西的商人一拿到手,往往就在当地给卖出去了,换成现钱落袋为安。而收购这些票据的,却是宗室和戚里,回到京师的交引铺来足额兑换。
“如果朝廷的信用能维持住就好了。带上一摞钞引,比随身带着两辆装满钱的大车都安心。”
远程商贸中,聪明的商人都采取往返贩运的形式。并不直接运回货币,而是在当地采购特产,称为‘回货’。在过去茶叶不由官卖的时候,川盐陕茶常互为回货。
再比如成都府路将蜀锦运往中原,兑换成白银回川。陕西四川虽然铁钱可通用,但运输相当困难,所以常常借助银绢。
蜀中征收的赋税泰半是银绢,有半输银绢的规定,上供也以丝帛居多。同样价值的白银和绢帛远比铜铁钱要轻,易于输送,这就弥补了蜀地铁钱价值太小,运输不便的缺点。
如今的陕西,情况也类似。尤其是秦凤转运使路,缴纳的税赋是由棉布代替了绢帛,一半是现钱,剩下的一半是白银和布匹。
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