第38章 何与君王分重轻(19)
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“而中国之德,则会被认为是软弱可欺。自然之中,只有弱者才会让出私物,狗埋骨头是为了什么,怕被抢!蛮夷心如禽兽,视人亦如禽兽,面对弱者,他们唯一会做的,就是欺上门来,不会有半点同情。就算中国再以德化待之,也只会被认为是畏惧,馈赐再为丰厚,也会被认为是理所当然。”
韩冈滔滔不绝的一番话,将进化论的一个变种送给了四夷。反正他们用得上。而无论如何,韩冈都不会将之用在自家身上,赤裸裸的宣扬弱肉强食,在儒家为根本的社会里,会没有任何立足的余地。但当今民间,弱肉强食却不胜枚举,任凭哪一个都能随随便便数出几十条见闻来。豪右世家兼并田宅,这不是弱肉强食还是什么?前几年京城粮商趁灾荒囤粮不售,打算牟取暴利,这不是弱肉强食是什么?
韩冈说得太透了,尽管他说得是自然之道,说得是蛮夷为禽兽,但联系到现实中。心有戚戚焉的,宋用臣觉得不止他一个。也难怪王安石和程颢会保守起来。
只是在皇帝皇后面前,有谁能说,当今大宋同样是弱肉强食?有谁有这个单子韩冈的论述浅显易明,就是流传到民间,看过猫捉老鼠,螳螂捕蝉、黄雀吃虫的人,都能体会到其中的意义。
不过还是有人站出来试图阻拦韩冈:“‘天地不仁,以万物为刍狗’。枢密说来说去,似乎就只是这一句。”
天地不仁,以万物为刍狗。乃是天无私亲,一视同仁的意思。但吕大临想说的,却是这一句的根源,出自于老子道德经中。士林之中,许多人都很熟悉这一句。只是韩冈,拿着,当然会惹人议论。
“内圣外王也只是一句。”韩冈反驳。
内圣外王之说,出自于《庄子》,并非儒门教条。汉时论儒,是礼乐刑政。那时的儒家,虽然有天人感应、有谶纬图说。其根本,还是落在了实际的事务上,‘礼乐刑政四达而不悖,则王道备矣’。就是到了现在,也只是因为儒门开始融合佛老,原本属于佛道两家的名词,才渐渐流行起来。
现在无论哪一家都有直接从佛道两家借鉴的东西。就是最为排佛的盱江李觏和欧阳修,在文章中也大量使用佛家的辞藻。邵雍糅合儒道,多有谈及内圣外王的道理,故而被程颢视为邵雍象数之学的核心理论——‘尧夫,内圣外王之学也。’
当年邵雍与程颢说‘道’。指着桌子,从六合之内,推到六合之外。韩冈是不懂邵雍是怎么推的,反正邵雍之后说要教程颢,程颢赞了两句后,就推说自己没时间学,‘某兄弟那得工夫要学?须是二十年工夫。’还不让学生刑恕去学:‘刑七二十年里头待做多少事,岂肯学这的’。
邵雍和二程远不如表面上那般和睦。或许当真和睦,但在道统之上,程颢、程颐不会给老朋友面子。
吕大临措置着话语,他要反驳韩冈,又不能显得自己是在为邵雍招魂。
一犹豫间,韩冈又抢先一步:“物竞天择,适者生存,乃是自然之道,非人之道。人之异于禽兽者,也正是道不同的缘故。鹦鹉能言,不离飞禽,猩猩能言,不离走兽。纵有一丝像人的地方,本质是不变的。”
韩冈无意去宣扬进化论或者说天演论,他还没疯。超越时代一步是天才,超越太多可就是疯子了。而且韩冈一直在说以实为证,想要证明进化论这个观点,现有的知识储备完全不够,没有足够的证据,怎么支撑起进化论?何况比起单纯的一个理论,树立实证主义的大旗,对韩冈计划中的未来更加重要。以现在的情况,韩冈只是要将进化论用在社会上,并将其归属于敌人。
“人禽之分,只在礼也。有礼者人,无礼者禽兽。华夏之所以异于夷狄者,就在于这个‘礼’——凡人之所以贵于禽兽者,以有礼也。礼,说小了,是事神致福,人情往来。但往大了说,是文法,是规范,是纲常。有了纲常、规范、文法,华夏生民就能各安其分,各司其职,上下有序,四民皆安。只不过这礼必须禀仁心而行,否则便是与率兽食人无异。人心不能安。”
整间大殿之中,只有韩冈一人的声音,在他分清了自然之道和人道的差别之后,几乎所有人都放弃了在这一问题上跟韩冈一较短长。不仅仅是说得太通透的缘故,也是韩冈的总结已经足以让人深加思考。
这个有什么意义?
蔡卞心情逐渐安定下来。王安石和程颢都不就韩冈的论点发话,可见他们并不是很重视。
明华夷之辨,除了让人听着解气,又有什么作用?
《春秋》三传,《左传》叙史,《谷梁》论义,《公羊》说复仇,仅仅兼及华夷。真正将尊王攘夷、华夷之辨拿出来当做《春秋》总纲的,还是从孙复《春秋尊王发微》开始。远比不上《三传》的好处。
只要大家都明白过来,韩冈肯定会受到围攻。以气学最近咄咄逼人的样子,心中反感的不再少数。
蔡卞正想着韩冈会不会千夫所指,韩冈正按照自己的节拍继续着,“人居乾坤之中,天生万物予人。禽兽亦在其列。”
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