第197章 物理性命
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说到了这里,范仲淹向徐平问了一句纳闷了好久的话:“云行进士高第,仕宦以来政绩卓著,为什么一直不见有什么诗文传世?莫要说自己作不出好文章来,你的奏章我大多都看过,条理清楚,叙事分明,落笔前胸中自有沟壑。近些年来,作文尚古朴,不比前些年进究词句华丽。如尹师鲁等人都是此中高手,欧阳修等人也纷纷仿做。”
这种事情很不好回答,好的文章很多是胸有成竹,一气呵成不错,但更多的是精雕细琢。这雕琢的功夫也是锻炼的过程,在这种过程中作文能力一步一步成长。徐平从来就没有在这方面下过功夫,条理清楚地写出自己的想法是一回事,把这些凝炼成优美的文字又是一回事。没有长年累月地学习锻炼,又哪里能够写出好的文字来呢?
想了好久,徐平才道:“文章不过叙事,学问不通,写得天花乱坠又如何?”
“正是如此,文章终究还是学问功夫,云行这话说得不错。词句再华丽,也不过是能做词臣罢了,最后还是要看胸中学问。不过,说起学问,云行这些日子拿来要印的书我都看了,不是农书就是算书,要不就是奇闻游记。关于学问,委实没有见到,又是为何?”
徐平看着范仲淹,顿了一会道:“所谓学问,无非是物理性命。性命之学,古来圣贤之书汗牛充栋,我一个后生小子,不敢妄言。只有先从物理学问作起,先识物理而后知天命,知天命而知人性。农学算学,都是物理之学,我本就是先从这里来做的。”
此时儒学大家,有几家是讲物理性命之学的。当然他们所说的物理,大多都是从阴阳八卦讲起,讲宇宙演化,此后再引到人上来。不但与后世所说的物理有多很大区别,与徐平现在说的也有很多不同。但物理就是万物之理,这总是不错,徐平在算学农学上下功夫,从这个方面能够讲通。后来所讲的格物致知,也有这个意思。
儒家谈学问,有一个特点,不管是物理还是性命之学,都是先定出几条公理一样的基本原理来,由此推展开去,形成一个大的系统。性命方面,典型的便是孟子和荀子的区别。而在物理,则受道家和阴阳家影响极大,结合周易,形成自己的宇宙观。
学术是政治的基础,人是天地的主人,还是神面前待罪的羔羊,将极大的影响政治思想,从而生成不同的政治基础。两者不配套,将一片混乱。而政治又决定了社会、经济和军事等诸多方面,形成一个大的文化系统。
徐平想的明白,在这方面着手,自己还不够资格,只能与其他学者磨嘴皮子打无数的笔墨官司,还不如开始就干脆避开来,专心于科学技术方面的物理之学。这能讲得通,自己靠着前世记忆也能做出成绩来,对社会的推动也是实打实的。
至于关于政治的性命之学,只有慢慢来,能到哪一步算哪一步。人类的路远远没有走到尽头,谁又知道什么是对,什么是错呢?尽自己的心力就好。或许有一天,自己能够大彻大悟,那时再在这个方向努力也不迟。
听了徐平的话,范仲淹点点头:“我有些明白云行的意思了,你是说,三司刻书局专出这些书,本就是你有意为之。专心于物理,也是做学问的方法,京西路那里,颇有几家专研这门学问的,有时间云行可以跟他们探讨。”
徐平点点头,没说什么。皇极经世书又不是凭空出来的,自有其传承,这也是此时物理之学的正统。徐平所说的与这些还是有很大区别,没必要主动向那边靠。所谓的物理性命之说,不过是徐平为自己现在的作为找个借口罢了。
范仲淹又道:“我已经明白了云行的意思,压在国子监里的那几套书我会尽快行文回去,让三司付印。不过,我还是要提醒你一句,天文之学是朝廷禁忌,在这方面云行务必在意,千万不要做出犯禁的事来,其他的倒无妨。”
徐平答应。
真正的天文知识,印出来又会有什么人看?真正有心的还就是那些有异样心思的江湖道士,专门附会弄些神神道道的说法。这些知识限制在司天监也无所谓,只要司天监广天门路,吸引足够多的人才就行。此时的司天监一般都有学生一二百人,其实也不少了,关键是要让他们认真研究有用的学问。
话讲开,徐平和范仲淹两人心里都松了口气。互相交了底,就免了无谓的猜疑。三司专心于实用技术,国子监则专注于政治学术,分工明确,双方互不打扰。
管着钱粮,三司在一些士人眼里本就有些铜臭味,避开讲政治也好,免得动不动就被横挑眉花竖挑眼,做了也不讨好。
徐平愿意如此,范仲淹也愿意如此。
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