第199章 传承
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
看着李觏的样子，徐平笑了笑，问道：“你文章里讲了人之欲自然是礼，这个是有道理的，暂且不谈。只说由人欲而生的财，比如说，一个人走在路上，口渴了，看见前面有棵梨树，上面梨子大而肥美，便摘了一个吃了解渴。那么我问你，这梨子到了这个人的手上，算不算是他的财呢？”
“恕学生愚昧，当先看这梨树有没有主人，有主人便是偷窃了，又何谈人财呢？”
听了这话，徐平笑道：“我既然如此说，这树自然是无主之物，不然何必问你？我是在认真跟你谈事情，又不是瓦子里的说书人，跟你打这种哑谜！”
“先生恕罪，是学生想得差了。既然是无主之物，这梨子自然是这人的财产。”
“那我问你，这人得了一个梨子，或者多摘几个有了几个梨子，作为他的财产。那这财产是从哪里来的呢？”
“自然是从梨树上来，梨子要从梨树上长出来。这道理简单明白，先生因何发问？”
“到底这人有了这些梨子，是因为梨树呢，还是因为他动手摘了呢？梨树在那里，如果他不去摘，梨子怎么也不会是他的。他花摘一个梨子的力气，便得一个梨子，花摘两个梨子的力气，便得两个梨子。那这几个梨子的财产，为何不说是他花力气得来的？”
“先生，总得先有梨子，他花力气才能得到，根本还是在梨子上。”
徐平点了点头：“那我问你，圣人收门生，必纳束脩。这束脩自然也成了圣人的财产，对不对？那圣人的这些财产从哪里来？”
李觏有些迟疑：“自然是门生交来——”
“为什么不说是圣人教导学生劳心劳力赚来的呢？”
见李觏欲言又止，徐平道：“今天我跟你讲这些，不是讲来玩笑，实在是白天范待制的那一句天下之财有定数，让我不能苟同。这财到底从哪里来？是天上掉下来的，还是人花力气赚出来的？如果是花力气赚出来的，那么花更大的力气是不是就会有更多财富？那天下之财还有没有定数？像邕州并没有甘蔗长在那里，是蔗糖务的人花了无数力气开田种了甘蔗榨粮出来才了白糖的财富，这财富从哪里来的？依我说，天下之财并没有定数，只要人肯花力气，会花力气，就可以生出更多的财富来。”
说到这里，徐平站起身来，来回踱步，口中道：“所以，说天下之财有定数是不对的，在官则在民更不对。这还不仅仅是花力气，还要会花力气。比如我庄子里先前一个人只能种十亩地，有了那些新式农具，便能够轻松种三五十亩。这不是平空多出财富来了吗？这财富从哪里来的？因为会使力气了！”
见李觏有些迷惑，徐平又道：“李觏啊，讲清楚了财富从哪里来，是非常了不起的一件事。我们理财官员，一旦岁入增多，因为风调雨顺还好，如果不是，则难免就会受到朝臣搜刮民财的弹劾。但实际是这样吗？有的时候，只是让百姓能够用同样的力气创造出更多的财富来，水涨则船高，朝廷岁入自然也就增多了。这个道理并不算难懂，比如官贷耕牛给百姓，他们就能种更多的地，朝廷自然也就可以收更多的税。但是一到三司理财的时候，就有人说与民争利，捆住三司的手脚。于国于民，这都是大害。”
李觏道：“先生的意思是——”
“刚才看你的《礼论》，讲到‘义利并重’，我也是有感而发。仅仅讲‘义利并重’还是远远不够的，你应该讲清楚利从何来，要让所有的人都明白，官方收到的利不是搜刮百姓而来，而是给了他们更好的条件，创造出了更多的财富收来的。这种利，自然是越多越好，官府的岁入高了，百姓得利也多了。仅仅多收赋税自然不行，但官府帮助百姓创造更多的财富，岁入年年升高是好事！”
说到这里，徐平转过身来，看着李觏道：“人的双手，是能够创造财富的！我们所有财富，自然是要借助天地所赐物产，但根本上还是靠人的双手创造出来的。朝廷理财，这才是根本，也只有这样，才能理直气壮地多收钱粮。学问学问，李觏，你如果能够把这个问题讲清楚了，才是真学问，必将成为流传后世的一代宗师！”
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