第217章 银行(上)
最新网址:m.ltxsdz.com
徐平说完,崇政殿里一时静了下来,大家都在思索。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com???这样的货币,除了最后的一项以赋税作保的国债,其他的其实都已经实践过了,还是三司铺子购物券的路子。
想了一会,程琳问道:“谏议刚才所说,我有几点不明,还请解惑。以旧换新就不用说了,自然没有问题。第二是按购物券的方法印钞,所虑在于,钞出去了,民间贸易一直在用,而新货物出来,再新钞,新钞旧钞叠加一起,会不会钱多物贱?”
徐平点头:“如果规划不好,会的。这一点我还拿不定主意,是按照每年比去年多出来的货物钞,还是如同交子般纸钞分界。不管是三年一界,还是五年一界,还是新旧杂用慢慢把旧钞收回废掉,总之有有收,总是能管得住。不过按照新增货物钞,也是个不错的办法。对三司铺子也是个激励,让他们要越做越大。”
“既然拿不定主意,那就一起并行,试几年看好了。这些事情,不必拘泥。”
李迪喜欢在大处着眼,有疑虑怕什么,一起试就是了。
程琳又道:“好,一起试行也好,最后大家便就都心里有底了。还有最后一项按照赋税钱的办法,倒也没有大碍,只是三司预借了一年的税而已。关键是,这些钱印出来之后怎么出去?再跟以前一样,可是不行了。”
铜钱的行方法,是铸出来之后收入内藏库,当然外地的铸钱监有时候只是过一下账而已。遇到国家庆典,或者特殊日子,皇帝对禁军赏赐,这钱便就到了官兵手中。不要小看了这个途径,几十万甚至过百万贯的铜钱不知不觉就出去了。还有就是当三司缺钱,向内藏库借贷,进入左藏库,通过俸禄进入官吏手中,或者救灾到灾民手里,或者三司向社会购买物资到商人手里。新的货币,再这样做显然就不合适了,这种方式行的度太慢,流通的度也让人无法忍受,与徐平要推行的商品经济不相适应。
程琳到底是老三司使,对于徐平所讲的内容比别人看得更清楚,特别读过后,慢慢开始抓住问题的核心。徐平现在所做的跟以前最大的不同是什么?以前的三司是从天下收钱粮,是敛财的,徐平要做的是生财的,要创造更多的财富。
程琳微微摇了摇头:“钱收进来好收,但贷出去只怕不易。那些公司,京西路做的都还不怎么顺利,其他地方开起来更加艰难。至于贷给百姓,当然想也不能想。”
当然不能想,徐平就从来没想过让银行经营民间借贷。一是冲击现在已有的富贵权势之家的解库生意,容易引起反弹,再一个经营风险太大,一个不好就把自己陷进漩涡。
历史上王安石变法就是用青苗贷向民间放款,是新法中争议最大的政策之一。把很多人逼到新法的对立面,就少不了青苗法的功劳。民间放贷,收不回欠款的风险极大,再一个是收款的成本过高,利息低了没有利润还可能赔本。
贷款到期之后,老老实实自己到银行还款的人当然会是多数,但总有一部分是能拖就拖的。收这些人的钱,哪怕你一上门他就把钱还了,银还得出跑腿人的车马费呢。更不要说还有要跑无数趟,磨破嘴皮的,利息还不够收钱的人的路费。至于那些赖账不还的,就更加是把本钱搭进去了。这样一些人,自然就把贷款的成本推高了许多。
要降低风险,降低贷款成本,也不是不行,最简单的办法是暴力。
把成本转嫁到国家政权上,由国家暴力机关协助收款,到期不还直接抓到牢里去,这就是王安石变法的老路。暴力机关的暴力使用可是不好控制的,不会老老实实地为银行服务,很可能他们花的成本比银行更高,只是强行转嫁到欠款人身上了,个人总不能跟国家对抗是不是?由此引的社会矛盾,便就成了反对变法者的武器。
要么这成本就由民间的暴力机关承担,一样是转嫁到欠款人的身上,暴力讨债从古到今都不是新鲜事。只是这后果,推行改革的徐平一样不敢承担,也承担不起。
公司就相当徐平前世的法人,只向法人放款,其实是无奈之举。8
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