第223章 军国两张皮(下)
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说到这里,徐平还是叹了口气:“书生谈兵,往往好钩沉前朝军制,排兵布阵,议论将勇不勇,兵精不精。龙腾小说ltxs520.com臣虽然也是书生,到底是真带过兵,打过仗的,却知道这些只不过是细枝末节,眼光落在一时一地。最根本的问题是,军队是用来干什么的?是养兵让天下不起乱子?那又何必非要养军!有的是办法让百姓安居乐业,何必要用这最费钱的法子!国家养兵,不是为了让天下不起乱子,而是保家卫国!军队要能打仗,就要让每个统兵官每一个士卒都知道这一点,不然,终究是徒费钱粮!”
听了这话,赵祯不由笑道:“我以为你想的是什么!国家养兵,对内弭民乱,对外御强敌,不正是应有之意!此是并行不悖的事情,有什么好烦恼的!”
徐平摇了摇头:“六根不净,输得干干净净!哪里有能够既吸收内乱,又能够外御强敌的军队。两者之间必然要做一个选择,军队是用来对付外敌为主,而是消灭内乱为主。如果是为了对付外敌,便如两汉,兵卒尽用良家子,威震四夷数百年。”
赵祯不以为然:“大唐之兵,杂以胡人游侠儿,不一样控西域,绝大漠!”
“臣先前在邕州,曾经刻印儒释道典籍,当时周围蕃邦小国都来求书。其中有在大理旁边深山里的小国,不惜重金求儒家经典,自言是汉武帝平西南夷时所遗留,千年以后至今华语华服,语言多类似汉魏古言。而大唐虽强,却如司空图所言,未等唐灭,河湟就已经是‘汉人尽作胡儿语,却向城头骂汉人’了。更不要说,大唐的威震四夷,靠的本来是府兵能战,一样都是良家子。等到了唐玄宗时胡将带胡兵,安史乱起,一切尽成空。马嵬坡前杨贵妃香消玉殒,唐明皇狼狈逃西川,以后更是一天不如一天。两汉哪怕直到三国鼎立的时候,一将带偏师,依然能够横扫北胡,其间差别不可以道里计。”
汉唐虽然并称,但到了王朝的最后时刻,面对外敌的局势却迥然不同。汉朝末期哪怕是中原地区因为黄巾之乱以及之后的争霸战争,打得千里无人烟,面对外敌依然如砍瓜切菜一般,而唐末却成了外族眼里的肥肉。原因自然是多种多样,但说到根本,还是那一句徐平前世对战争的定义,“战争是政治的特殊手段的继续”。军事是从属于政治的,而且服务于政治的,不管是有意还是无意,汉朝军事符合这一规律,而唐朝中后期是背离这一规律的。在制度的最根本上出了毛病,那么花再多的钱,付出再大的代价,依然无力回天。
赵祯虽然对徐平所说的不认同,还是道:“这种言论,也不是没有人提起,要学唐初府兵制的一直都有。可自唐时人口增殖,均田制无以为继,怎么能够学得来呢?说来说去这些还都是书生之见,天下已经不同,怎么能够倒回去!”
“府兵制难行,哪怕是在唐朝的时候,就真地是因为均田制继续不下去吗?陛下,自贞观四年,大唐议夷夏之防,魏征被责,便就开始引胡人为兵,而汉人为民。臣只闻百姓如水,而兵则为水中之鱼,兵民为胜利之本,未闻鱼离了水还能鲜活的。自上古之时,人民少而禽兽众,先贤筚路蓝缕,建起家园,而有今日之中国。人与兽杂居,被兽所伤自然不能避免。被伤之后,自然是建篱笆,修弓矛,群起围猎害兽,打杀而已。未闻要人学着野兽茹毛饮血,抛家远去山林,学着野兽过活,而非要用牙齿爪牙跟野兽决胜负。放着好好的人不做,为什么要学着去做野兽呢?自府兵之后,改为募兵,实际从军制看来,无非是用胡人的部落兵制,代替汉人自古以来的兵制,被胡狄所欺,那就自然而然。”
赵祯皱着眉头不快地道:“募兵怎么是胡人部落兵制?胡人全民为兵,到了战时自备弓马出战,回去了则依然放牧牛羊,中原募兵岂是如此?”
徐平摇了摇头:“兵制不是这么看的,是看官兵为什么打仗,怎么打仗的。如今朝廷视禁军为爪牙,冀希望其如虎狼,是不是跟学着野兽相差不多?禁军出战,不问这仗为什么打,要怎么打,只管先要各种赏钱。一举一动,心中想的只是得钱。胡人南下,为的又是什么呢?无非抢劫掠夺而已!都是为了一个钱字。胡地贫瘠,抢汉人自然是能够得利,战争对他们就是军国合一。而朝廷之军呢?臣直言,不管是禁军也好,晚唐募兵也罢,跟胡人作战能有几个钱?他们只要向汉地随便抢上一抢,就比与胡人打上千百仗得的钱还多。”
说到这里,徐平不由叹了口气:“臣事君以忠,尽忠无非心诚,陛下要问,臣自然不得不说。但这话说起来,真的是忠言逆耳,不是臣不想说,而是未到说的时候。臣事君心若不诚,则失其身,而君王不能以诚待天下,则失其国。关于禁军军制,臣今日所说开诚布公,说不说在臣,听与不听则在陛下。只要陛下以诚待天下,则天下必然不会负陛下。禁军现在最大的问题在哪里?所谓军阵,所谓器甲,都是细枝末节,而是以天下之财养数十万之兵,此数十万之兵却隔绝于国事之外。与国事隔绝,便就如无本之木,无源之水,又怎能寄于厚望?外战不利,非将军不勇,非士卒不尽死力,是国事对其无关紧要。军国军国,最终只是军是军,国是国,军国两层皮。这就像鱼离了水,再无活力。既然打仗是为了钱,那么不打仗还有其他的办法赚钱。还有更容易风险更小的办法赚钱,打了胜仗无非是多得钱,打了败仗无非是少得钱,这仗打起来还有什么意思?陛下说得对,天下数十年未闻兵戈,内外太平,禁军千错万错,无非就是一个钱字,养起来有些贵了。只是朝廷想这样太平下去,外敌却未必给这个机会,仗,总是要打起来!等到对外战起,那就不是要花多少钱的问题,而是对外敌能不能战的问题!臣现在主管三司,数年之间,可以聚起钱财,保证战争一起,财物不缺。但就是钱粮不缺,就真地能打胜仗了?”
现在说这些,赵祯也只是听个热闹,很能有切身体会。只是他自己让徐平说,又不好现在改主意,只好听下去罢了。说起外敌,随口问道:“你是说西北,这几年会有战事?”
“何止是西北,只要禁军一露出不能战的姿态,到时只怕是周围烽烟四起!臣说来说去的还是那句话,要想真地能够外御强敌,就只能是让军队为了保家卫国打仗,而不是为了得钱养家打仗。保家卫国的军队,国家自然会养,应该养,必须养。但是只是为了钱而又打不了胜仗的军队,早晚会出大乱子的!军事必须服从于国事,离了这一点,便就是鱼离了水,自保尚且不能,又何言能战敢战!”<();
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