第56章 运用之妙，存乎一心
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徐平对他点了点头：“你这话说得不错，当然要在其他的地方布置。我一直讲，军中分为厢、军、营、都，不是简单的层级不同，统兵官的职级不同，带的人不同，而是各个层级要在作战时完成不同的任务。营和都的着眼点就在这军阵上，我们称之为战斗，依军的司令衙门下的军令，带军冲锋陷阵，完成军令要求的事情。而军一级则不在带兵，而在如何布置上，该怎样防守，怎样进攻，如何去做，哪些人去做，都由他们拿主意。”
贾逵道：“莫不是军一级出战，便就不摆军阵了？”
“当然不是，摆军阵也是布置的一种，不过就不像营、都的军阵那样简单了。大的原则虽然一样，却要依地理、天气、面对的敌人等随机应变，这才是军一级统兵官要做的事情。——西北现在正是用人之际，贾逵，你多立些军功，早些坐到这个位置上来。”
贾逵不由笑了起来，叉手向徐平行礼谢过。
徐平对桑怿道：“秀才，军中的编伍我大致有些眉目了，说出来你参详参详，闲时多想一想，我们再议。营和都，军官都设四人，指挥使一人，副指挥使一人，左虞侯一人，右虞侯一人。正、副指挥使依我们原先所定的军制，左虞侯统后军，右虞侯统前军，战时与指挥使一起统兵列阵作战。我以营为例，部下五都分别编号，右虞侯统一、二都，左虞侯统三、四都，指挥使自统第五都为中军。注意，他们不管是战时还是日常，都是分为前后军的，各自职掌也不同。右虞侯隶正任指挥之下，左虞侯隶副指挥使之下，在军阵之中则只听正任统兵官号令。如果两军对战之时，指挥使战殁，则右虞侯权任正任指挥使，右虞侯战殁，第一都都头接任右虞侯。副指挥使战殁，则左虞侯接任其职，依次类推，左右两军次序不可混乱。营、都作战，重在职责分明，各自用命，所以要分清左右次序！临阵之时，主将战殁，要由本次序的军官接其职任，不可按官职高低来。”
不许接任次序混乱换一句话来说，就是战时正任统兵官永远带中军粘住右军，右虞侯实际上是先锋。而副统兵官则与左军在一起，策后接应。另外一个原因，是两位统兵官职责有分工，关系再是亲密，也难免对对方的业务不熟悉，防止出现混乱。
作为战术层级，营和都一级没有司令衙门，没有参赞军事的僚佐，与再上一级的作战层级是有根本不同的。他们的组织体系要求简单、直接、有效，条件不许可设置太复杂的体系。正副统兵官分前后队，前军统兵官阵亡了，总不能跑到后边把副任叫到前边来。
桑怿听着徐平的话，慢慢点头，把这些记下来。至于其中包含的意思，到底有那些优点哪些缺点，则要回去之后慢慢恩索，大家再作讨论。这思索的过程，就是对面对的问题更进一步理解的过程。与徐平共事多年，桑怿已经习惯了这种做事方式。
至于前、中、后军各自带的人数，当然不会机械地按照徐平说的那样分，而是要按实际的战斗情况分配，那只是一个大致原则。
把军事行动分为战略、战役、战术三个层次，理清了各自面对的任务，军制大的框架就定了下来。在这个原基础上，再去细化，以保障完成任务为核心，进行军队组织，设置各级机构。从实践中把客观规律总结出来，用规律指导战争实践，使一切都有章可循。
营和都一级主要任务是从事简单的战术行动，任务简单，他们的组织结构定下来，上面的层级也就大致有了轮廓。其实各级总的指导原则并没有什么不同，只是因为任务的不同，而有了不同的要求，把这些要求回进去就可以了。
战略、战役和战术三个层级并不只是简单地依照人数划分，涉及到各级将校的任务分工、指挥权限等等具体的内容，实际中还是要灵活变化。8)
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