第9章 问道
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沉默了一会，赵祯端起茶来轻啜几口。放下碗，看着徐平，缓缓地问道：“你我君臣相得，甚是难得。当初你登进士第，朕临轩唱名的时候，突然间天现瑞光。宰相张知白贺朕得人，天下必将因你而兴。到如今十五年矣！你在朝廷掌三司，天下钱粮不缺，出外统兵为大帅，一战灭交趾，再战灭党项，回京前败契丹于云中。文事武事完足，张知白当日之言，于今已经一一应验。现在召你回朝，虽为次相，朕实以天下事付你！人言天下兴衰决于宰相，本朝相位至重，国家兴亡皆系于此。宰相以道佐人主，你可教我圣人之道？”
徐平捧笏，低头敛目，沉声道：“臣闻圣人之道，百姓安乐，国泰民安，天下太平！”
赵祯语带不悦，一字一顿地道：“我问你圣人之道，以求治世，诚心实意！”
徐平神色不动，道：“臣答陛下所问，一本正经，并无虚言！”
赵祯看着徐平，沉默了好一会，才道：“既如此，该如何达致圣人之道？”
“臣在陇右军中，天都山一战之前，与军中的士子闲谈，他们曾经问臣之学。臣以君子、仁、义对之。此非士子一时闲谈，而是治国之道。”
仁义是这个年代的政治正确，赵祯听了，肃然端坐：“这番议论朕也听士人提过，只是一直不知究竟，难窥全貌。宰相从容讲来，愿闻其详。”
徐平起身捧笏：“古今贤者探治乱之源，辨人之性情，述仁义道德，达天理人欲。有讲人欲害天理，故要存天理，灭人欲。有讲人欲是一切根本，我心即天理。臣以为，人生于世间，父母精血所诞。要生则要有食物果腹，要繁衍后人故有色之娱，知羞耻故有衣物遮体。此人欲也，人生而有之，不从则难以存活，族群无以繁衍，实未知其恶。人生于天地之间，必本于地气风俗，所谓靠山吃山，靠海吃海，在草原上就只能放牧牛羊。地气乃天理所化，是故知，人必从于天理也。”
“物有阴阳，人有天理人欲之两面，此理之常也。既非人是天理所化，亦非人依人欲才立于世间，而是这本就是人之阴阳，不可偏废。一阴一阳谓之道，孤阴则不长，独阳则不生，必阴阳相济，才达治世。要达圣人之道，便需从这天理人欲中去寻。”
讲到这里，徐平捧笏，用眼角的余光静静地看着赵祯。这是一切立论的根本，如果赵祯在这里不同意，后面的内容，要展开去讲就难了。人性善恶，自私还是无私，利己还是利人，放在意识形态系统里，都是不是一句简单的话。
社会的道德判断，政权的政治结构，都要从最根本的地方讲起。从人性生发，后面还有分叉，会演化出各种各样的意识形态。有的接近，有的大相径庭，还有的截然相对。不能把意识形态最关键的节点统一，则后面的施政就会引起激烈争论，难以被认可。
人是社会动物，先有人的生物特性，再有人的社会性。否认人的生物特性，从社会性去构建人的本性，会导致非常大的麻烦。极端的资本主义者从私有财产神圣不可侵犯这一需求出发，去反推人的本性是自私自利，极端的公有主义者，从认为私有财产终将被消灭出发，去反推人无私，都会让社会得病。人性的限制在将来会不会变得无关紧要，徐平并不知道，他没有生在达致那个阶段的社会里。但现在，人的这一特性缺一不可。从存天理灭人欲，再到放纵欲望，这不只是社会现象，更有内在的思想脉络。
沉思良久，赵祯点头道：“宰相所言，朕以为，天理存于人欲当中，人欲当中亦含着天理。天理与人欲虽分为二，实则合一，所谓阴阳太极之道，此之谓也。”
徐平出了一口气，捧笏躬身行礼：“陛下见识精深，确是如此。只是阴阳太极，虽曰合一，但太极就是太极，阴就是阴，阳就是阳。虽曰有分，望之则如一。虽望之如一，实则阴阳相合是太极，太极内含着阴阳，此为易之道。”
赵祯缓缓点了点头：“你在陇右作战数年，没想到学业不辍，兼及易理。”
徐平不能在这个问题深入下去，易理他并不精通，只是取了于自己有用的部分，来说明这一套理论而已。赵祯从小就被明师教导，深入探讨必然露怯。讲经义，自然有词臣经筵讲官陪着赵祯去研究，自己一个宰相不是做那个的。
“人生于天地之间，而长于人群。人人都有天理人欲，天理或相合，而人欲不合，必有相处之道。所谓君子、仁、义，即人相处之道，亦为治国所本。”
赵祯问道：“何为君子？愿闻其详。”
“君子何义，臣难以尽言，如天上北辰。所谓高山仰止，景行行止，虽不能至，而心向往之，此其谓也。臣只知君子之行，《论语》一书，论之甚详。详其要，己所不欲，勿施于人是也。君子求诸己是也。君子讷于言而敏于行是也。君子不以言取人，不因人废言亦是也。之于天下，无适也，无莫也。君子务本，本立而道生。聪明如夫子，也只是道何是君子之行，何非君子之行，而不道何为君子。君子如北辰，景行行止，心向往之而不能至。”
“此为真读夫子之书者也。”赵祯点头，“宰相坐。坐而论道，古礼。”
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