第18章 内无寇，外无民
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“圣人之世，天下无争也，内外之政一总于德。圣人之后，争端起矣，德不足以临天下焉。当此之时，德化仁义。以仁义治天下，盖非圣人之遗志乎？”
“仁义起于生之三物，何以起？臣言，有生产之物多，力不足不能尽其用者。有生产之物不足，力有余而生存、生活之物不足者。各取所需，所产生活、生存之物何以分？是以生产之物重耶？人力重耶？以生产之物重，则有人掠奴隶而役之，如牛马。以人力重则尽取所得，斯为盗贼者。此之轻重，必有权而安天下，仁义生焉。”
“有取人之土地、牛、犁、耕耙而治生产，所得之物宜分之。分之何以平？你情我愿也。彼你情我原之数，非我之你情我愿之数，不得已各取所需，分必不能平。不平则求能断其曲直也，朝廷由此而生。子曰，仁之一道，忠恕而已矣，得非你情我愿乎？”
“以天下之大，朝廷为一，芸芸众生，必不能人人平之，刑政生焉。是故仁本于忠恕之道，而朝廷临于万民。临万民之仁，形于制度，著于政令，以仁义之道本其行之。”
“是故，臣曰有生存、生产、生活三物，争端必起。弥争以仁义，仁义德所化者也。”
“不行仁义，曰暴。暴则乱，乱则亡，虽有挽天之术而天下终不能救之。”
“或曰，内行仁义可存万世乎？臣曰，不尽然也。盖因天下行仁义，可安内。天下之外尚有化外之邦，御外寇，弥内争之仁义之道终不能用之。”
“天道有常，不以尧存，不以舜亡，天之为天，世间万物皆在其中也。化外化内，皆天之所临也。天无偏，有德而无仁义，行仁义而求天祐之，是欲使天偏耶？天必不偏，求之终无果。子曰君子求诸己，此其谓欤？御外寇以刀兵，兴武事。此外事也，不可与内政混同，混则必有所失。天无偏，内事本于人，不本于天。可感可求之天，非天也。”
“或曰，子之谓天无偏，故有德而无仁义者。朝廷以仁义治国，是朝廷于民有偏耶？”
“臣言，朝廷实有偏也。无偏，则法度不当立，制度不当行，使民自治可也，何必有朝廷。朝廷在，则必偏，无偏无朝廷。”
“或曰，朝廷必偏，则偏于官耶？偏于民耶？”
“臣言，官为朝廷之官，朝廷何偏，官何偏，官不依朝廷之偏而对民私偏之，则失仁义之道，失其职也。朝廷之偏，不在官与民，在民与民之间耳。”
“或曰，百姓皆朝廷之民也，如何偏之？是偏贵者耶？偏贱者耶？”
“臣言，民无贵贱，以贵贱分之，朝廷之失也。天下但有为人佣作者，以其力取雇值而全活，古之力有余而生产之物不足之遗意也。以人为奴仆，别贵贱，非圣人之意也。”
“或曰，朝廷之偏不在官民之间，不在贵贱之间，偏何也？”
“臣言，朝廷之偏在势力之家与平苦之家也。何为势力之家？其所用生存、生活、生产之物，有不劳而获而取之于他人者。何谓平？自给自用而自足，凡非自产之物用之皆贸易而来者也。何谓苦？自产之物，为他人所取者。自用尚不足而奉之他人，岂不苦也？”
“朝廷之偏，在抑势力之家而偏平苦之民也。平者共之，苦者助之，朝廷之仁义也。”
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