第23章 蔡襄之错
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吃喝一会，一直不说话的吴充道：“相公西北大胜，重整禁军，总觉得是要天下休养生息的时候，却又一下国政大变。相公正当青春，是否求治过于急切了？”
欧阳修道：“西北灭党项，败契丹，有此功，相公还有什么功可求？如此做，必然是真有大事，我等思之不及罢了。”
吴充不说话，蔡襄举杯一饮而尽，把杯按在桌上道：“相公所言，太过庞杂，一时也能以理得通透。我就不明白一点，相公言欲抑势力之家对小民的侵夺，要在天下均田方税之余，还要凭田土出徭役，不出人则出钱。又要官把城镇之间的场务、酒楼、邸店，凡令人指射的一切卖出，只留官派吏直管的。还优先卖给乡间大户，太过麻烦。如今三司钱粮广有，有银行在那里，把官营之业全部卖出又如何？盐铁非善政，不得已而行之。”
欧阳修道：“相公自有道理，我们官位低微，或有不知情之处。”
蔡襄脾气最倔，一听欧阳修的话，眉毛一扬：“有何不知情处？逐匈奴，行盐铁，汉武帝之政。徐相公灭党项，又有李相公去西北经理西域，无非是要效武帝故事罢了！”
吴育咳嗽一声：“君谟，相公一再言，君子当论迹不论心，以君子为北辰行之，你又行诛心之论了！朝廷如此做，相公自有深意。朝廷为政，势力之家和平苦之民为两端，现如今乡间小民艰难，故行此政纾缓民力。城镇里面，朝廷管得严，抑势力之家太过，产业凡有尺寸之利，必收于官。紧处当松，松处当紧，朝廷从容处置之。”
蔡襄嘴角一撇：“何处为紧？何处为松？说得过于玄了！若真是为小民着想，何不把天下之物一没于官，天下之田一没于官！有场务，有营田务，自经营之。怕势力人家借田土和场务盘剥小民，收入朝廷，朝廷总会怜民爱民！”
吴育道：“此话我还真问过，你猜一猜相公是怎么答的？”
蔡襄道：“这何用猜？无非全没入朝廷，朝廷管之不及而已。若要管，必要新召无数官吏，冗官冗吏如何平？相公虽有大功于国家，终是人也，何必身背此怨！”
吴育笑道：“是以说，君谟，你不去究事情如何，不肯用脑，只是猜人，如何能知事情端的？徐相公曾言，本朝宰相，功以赵忠献相公为首，德以王文正相公为第一。忠献相公佐命之功无人可及，文正相公以‘怨归于己，恩归于上’居相十数年。徐相公对宰相治政第一条，就是文正相公的‘怨归于己，恩归于上’。相公何许人？出西北统军，其余大臣三辞四推，相公慨然赴任。灭党项，败契丹，编练陇右之军。朝廷要调，相公把手下最得力之将、最强之军拨付出来。军功如此，说除军权，相公立即上马回京。”
说到这里，吴育摇摇头：“君谟，你要改！徐相公当政，再是如此随口评论，只怕不会一笑置之。相公此人，对官员合不合职任极是较真，你这样是犯了谏官的大忌！”
吴育和蔡襄都是福建路莆城人，关系不比旁人，这是真地在劝他。
蔡襄知道自己说得过了，不再说话，只是喝酒。
欧阳修瞪了蔡襄一眼，问吴育：“君谟说把天下之物收为官有，又有何不可？”
“天下有余物，官以租赋收之，以官营之场务夺之。此物尚余也，入势力之家。官收此物为何？官员俸禄、养军之费之外，当治生产，使世间钱粮越来越多。治生产，自然于天下有好处。只是场务必有余利，此余利用全用于治生产，非不想也，势不能也。三司再大，岂能天下之钱一一全管？此必托之于下。托之于下，必有贪渎之吏上下其手，年深日久越贪越多。是故，把天下之物没于官，非抑势力之家取平苦之民余物法也，是纳势力人家于朝廷内也。此等人得利，朝廷当怨，日久必生乱。”
在生产力达不到的情况下，强行把天下公有，不是消灭剥削，而是把剥削者收入了政权内部。初期是政权这个交集撑大，把剥削者和被剥削者这两个集合几乎全部纳入，经过长时间的发展，跟早期的剥削社会生出阶级一样，在交集里仍然会分出阶级。最终的结果不是消灭了剥削，而是改成了在政权内剥削，换另一种方法进行斗争罢了。这个时候的政权，承受被剥削者的全部怨气，相当于剥削者的背锅侠，还怎么维持？
以为如此做从此跳出了治乱循环，实际上治乱循环只是换了一个面目罢了。
为什么封建时代的欧洲没有治乱循环？这没什么好解释的，中国家天下的封建时代同样没有治乱循环。发展不到那样的水平，矛盾在各家解决了，很难形成波及天下的大乱。
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