第26章 不要失职
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司马光走到徐平身前，先向殿上的赵祯行礼，赵祯曰可。司马光转过身来，对徐平躬身行礼：“光以微末之官，欲辨宰相。相公，光失礼否？”
徐平道：“不失礼。官高官低，朝廷之位也。朝廷之位，选贤而任能，朝廷之意。朝廷之意自归朝廷，不关人之贤否。我不贤而居高位，尔贤而位卑，不过朝廷失察。朝廷失察非朝廷之错，只是此时欲用我之能，而忍贤德不足。日后你之能过我之能，位自会居我之上。贤又过我，则贤能相当，朝廷得之必大喜。是故，你近前若未拜陛下，未揖我，是失礼之举，礼在朝廷。以小官辨宰相，是为朝廷争，不失礼。”
司马光忙拱手：“光何德何能，敢当贤于宰相上？相公欲誉我而实訾我耶？”
徐平道：“非。你与我廷辨，是否因朝堂之榜而辨？”
“答相公，确是因朝堂之榜。”
“既如此，必是对榜上所列有所见不同之处。宰相当位，朝廷选贤与任能也。宰相实未必贤能当天下之选，朝廷或有失察之时。失察非朝廷之错，盖朝廷非圣人，实难明察于天下。百官、百姓助朝廷察之，此应有之意。廷辨，百官助朝廷察之。你欲辨榜文，必是于榜上所列某处，与见不同。榜文未行，不关能否，此时与宰相廷辨，必是助朝廷查宰相贤否。你可以，百官可以，细民亦可。所见不同处，必是于此处见宰相之失贤，必是于此处以己贤居宰相之上。不然，出列廷辨为何？此无关对错善恶，你为官之职也。”
说到这里，徐平的表情严肃起来，对司马光道：“君实，你欲辨宰相，我曰可，敛容出列。何也？此我于朝廷之公也。我贤能或未足，所言或有未贤之处，与你一起查之，助朝廷之宰相合于贤。此时是你、我于朝廷之公事。你以誉、訾问我，是以己私，犯所任朝廷之公职，为失位。以私害公，士大夫不当为，以后切不可再犯！”
司马光愣了一下，忙躬身谢罪，转身对赵祯行礼：“臣犯因私害公，请陛下罪之！”
赵祯不罪，司马光请再辨。赵祯曰可。
一道德不是要在政权中贯彻徐平的意志，而是要让政权形成自己的意志，也就是有统一的意识形态。以意识形态来统领政治，就是政权意志的表达。在政治中意识形态贯彻得越坚决，执行得越彻底，政权的独立人格就越强大。
这个过程不是看哪个官员聪明，也不是看哪个官员能干，只是确保意识形态的完整和统一。只有如此，才能确保意识形态的贯彻，这就是一党执政的内在逻辑。
在政治中掺入了官员私人的动机猜测，善恶评价，就是失职。
公天下和私天下的政权，不会特别强调要求官员的忠诚，他们就是政权的本体，他们的忠诚表现在对政权的忠诚上。从汉朝到宋朝，中国对官员的道德评价体系中，贤能奸佞更重要，忠不忠于皇帝本人一般不会特别强调。汉朝讲孝，不是从家庭伦理来的，而是来自于天命的天之子，政权意志在政治中的表达。只有家天下，官员分家臣和客两种，才会要求官员强调自己是家臣而非客，要求官员完全忠于皇帝本人。春秋家臣多客卿少，战国客卿增多，就是文明从家天下慢慢走向大一统的过程。明清逆着这个过程来，就是从大一统慢慢向着诸侯林立的稳定状态退化，官员客的身份越来越少，渐渐变成了奴才。
汉武帝之前是汉文明的准备时期，之后到宋亡是汉文明的发展时期。政权是文明独立人格的表达，也有发育成长，形成灵魂的过程。从汉到宋，宗族一直在消解，到了宋朝怎么想重建宗族都建立不起来。明到清，宗族一直在壮大，就是为天下分家作准备。
徐平前世跟很多人一样，非常好奇如果没有洋人，清朝最终会发展到哪一步。现在终于想明白，终点无非是诸侯林立的周朝，一如罗马灭亡之后的欧洲。在遥远的未来要么把汉文明彻底遗忘，要么汉文明重新觉醒，再次私天下或公天下，走向大一统。
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