第44章 嫁女瞻前顾后
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六礼始于周,成于秦汉,记于《礼记》。自汉后天下动荡,实际六礼不存。到唐朝再次确定男女合婚要六礼,并作为法律在《唐律》中规定下来。
宋朝没有自己的律,名义上用的还是《唐律》,只是加入了各种各样的司法解释。有的律条废掉了,有的改变了,就是《宋刑统》。《唐律》中规定的六礼,在宋朝除了皇室严格遵循,民间大多简化,就连徐平这个宰相也不按六礼一步一步来。
这是徐平一直的主张,每个时代有每个时代的礼,要引导民间形成合适的。而不要泥古不化,强把古礼推行于当世。强推古礼不但不会教化风俗,还会引起民间反感。
开封城里,古时候传下来的六礼,实际早已经改头换面,成了四个步骤。先说媒,再换帖。男方帖中写明年龄生辰、三代官品、详列家中产业,女方回帖则列明嫁妆。这不但是经济上双方求门当户对,也是如果后来关系破裂,官府据以分割财产的凭证。这个年代离婚是合法的,甚至感情破裂也可以作为和离的理由,改嫁稀松平常。夫妻离婚,就有财产分割、子女抚养的问题,官府分割财产的依据,就是换的帖子。男方的资产归男方,女方的嫁妆归女方,离婚各自拿着自己的一份,再去找自己的良配。
正是因为如此,嫁妆对女方在以后家庭中的地位至关重要。盼盼是长女,小时候徐平亏欠了她,嫁妆格外丰厚。金银财宝、绫罗绸缎自不必说,还有银行存款,还有徐家在京城和乡下的产业,甚至徐平特意在洛阳城里又买了一处宅子,作为盼盼嫁妆的一部分。
林素娘心疼这个女儿,准备的嫁妆已经相当丰厚,有些吓人了。列帖子时还怕徐平不同意,没想到徐平又在上面加了一长串,连分给盼盼多少匹马都详细列明。
盼盼带到夫家的嫁妆,已经远超过了苏家的所有家产,苏颂以后在家中的地位,只怕要被盼盼压一辈子。男主外,女主内,徐平当然要给女儿主内的底气。
帖子中还要列明主婚的人。现在徐平权势声望正盛,苏绅不知用了什么办法,请了八大王赵元俨的幼子赵允初主婚。允初是徐正的知己,两人都是一样的不匣务官,但却风雨无阻上朝,永不迟到,永不早退。徐正偶尔还请假,赵允初是连假都不请的。
换帖之后,一般还会相亲。最早是长辈看,男女双方不见面,慢慢发展到现在,男女双方也要见面了。同意,就给女方一根钗子,家庭条件好的一般为金钗,称为“插钗”。不同意则给女方几端绢帛,称为“压惊”。徐平家里比较宽松,盼盼的金钗是苏颂亲手插的。
相亲过后,才是正式确定婚姻关系,即定聘。这一步最重要,相当于从此确定双方的合法夫妻关系。女方要送聘书,男方则回礼书,原则上需要书铺公证。
今天就是定聘的日子,把六礼中纳吉、纳成、请期合到一起。宋朝出现的这几个婚姻步骤,对后世影响深远,民间基本遵循,六礼仅存在于书面上了。
到徐平家来送聘的,是苏颂家里的女性长辈,有张三娘和林素娘负责接待。徐平则在自己府第的后园里,招待前来祝贺的亲朋饮酒。
聘礼中的三金、衣裙、首饰之类,都由林素娘帮着盼盼收了起来,等到出嫁的时候穿到她的身上。几个苏家请来的壮汉,摇摇摆摆,抬了一缸披红挂绿的许口酒,送到了后园里来。喝了这一缸酒,表示女方许了亲事。在缸里放上两瓶清水,几条活鱼,一双筷子回给男方家里,就是礼成。
把抬来的酒放在地上,徐平给了壮汉们赏钱,让他们到别处饮酒作乐,傍晚再来抬这缸回苏家。让徐昌把酒缸打开,招呼众人饮酒。
今日来的,除了几位宰执重臣,就是徐平一路走来的郭谘等朋友,还有自己在京的进士同年。其他官员来贺,门房一律回绝,记下名字,不收礼,也不让入内。
大家都是文人,由晏殊开始,各作颂词。无非是“年少清新,襟裾哪受红尘污”之类的小令,徐平让人一一记下,合适的就在旁边排演。记下颂词的册子,将来会正式誊录了送给盼盼,作为她的回忆,也是徐平想念女儿时的排遣。
适合这个场合的词牌就那么几个,内容大多都雷同,就是讨个吉利,凑个热闹,也没人在这个时候写绝妙好词。大家嘻嘻哈哈,各自联句,一时热闹非凡。
王素笼着袖子,对徐平道:“岁月匆匆,云行,没想到我们就开始娶妇嫁女,再不是从前时候了。盼盼知书达礼,聪明伶俐,我们这些人都是看着她长大,着实有些不舍。”
徐平叹了口气:“是啊,看着一天一天长起来,嫁出去总觉得有些不放心。怕她在夫家过不惯,怕她在夫家受委屈,怕她这也不如意那也不如意。我自及第常年游宦在外,除了在河南府的几年,一直不曾携家眷,着实亏欠了她。唉——”
王素笑道:“盼盼自小就是见过苏颂的,以她的性子,哪里会有不如意!只怕苏颂人太老实,要被她欺负才是。你嫁女金山银山做嫁妆,苏家哪敢逆她的性子!”
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