第66章 以民为师
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“便是如今的昭文相公。当日昭文相公正查探引洛入汴的河道,恰巧遇上公人抓小的一家,便为小民作主。后来相公挖通河道,在周围各县劝民立社,小的便是那时与同乡人建了个买卖社。如此苦做了几年,乡人都得了便利,小的也积攒下了些钱财。”
孙二郎发家的过程没有大风大浪,也没有过天降横财,就是靠着持之以恒,一点一点积攒下来的家财。从最早的买卖社,到后来几家信得过他的人家立社,向洛阳城卖当地的土产,从洛阳贩货物回乡卖。他的生意利润都不高,但一直稳定,慢慢走到了今天。
王安石要听的就是这个慢慢发家的过程,商业怎么互通有无,怎么联络城乡。孙二郎生意做大的过程,一直都跟三司铺子有关。他收的土产是卖给三司铺子,货物也多是从三司铺子贩来。从开始的偶有赊欠,到后面的现钱现货,规模越做越大。等到接唐大姐铺子碎布头衣服生意的时候,已经有资本积累了,发现市场很快就做大。
跟洛阳城里的那些商家不同,孙二郎发家的过程,基本跟银行无关。他们的余财存入银行,是贪图有利息,而且安全,但却从来没有从银行贷过钱。
小生意风险大,生意人怕背上债务,一有意外难以翻身。银行也嫌贷钱给他们的风险太大,不愿意做他们的生意。银行的放贷业务,还是以公司为主。
王安石留意的,是孙二郎这些年到底做了哪些生意。买卖社的时候,是以从城市向乡间贩运生活物资为主。后来做得稍大,开始从城里向乡间贩运农具。
说起贩农具的时候,孙二郎来了兴致,对王安石道:“不瞒官人,那几年,小的靠着向乡里卖各种农具,着实是赚了不少钱。最开始农具贩回来,是卖给几个大户人家,他们有本钱,家里的地也多,用得着这些。但不过一二年,这些大户人家的生意便就不好做下去了。一是农具结实耐用,爱惜的人家,一副犁铧用一辈子也不稀奇。再一个大户人家知道了路子,官府又让三司铺子方便乡下人买,我们的就卖不出去了。后来无法,小的想起当初昭文相公在周围县里立各种社,其中就有牛社之类。便就又托人到京西路南面的几州贩牛,与我们的农具一起,帮着乡里人立社。如此,又红火了几年。那几年,着实是靠着各种农具赚了不少钱。乡里人有了农具,地也种得好了,产粮多了,着实两得其利。”
王安石对此事甚感兴趣,问道:“既然做得好,后来为何不做了?”
“做的人多了,官府又劝立社,没大利息,便只好改做别的了。”
当年做农具生意,后来兼且贩牛,孙二郎那几年,不但是自己赚了钱,还带动了周围不少地方的农业发展。因为这事,他在本乡的名声极好,有乡间有德行的人之一。后来各种生意做得顺利,与此不无关系,人人都信他孙二郎。
农为天下根本,工商业发展要与农业发展结合起来,才能促进社会的根本进步。中国是个大国,与小国发展注重贸易不同,单纯的重商主义畸形发展是不行的。
孙二郎的经历,便就是把城镇工商业的发展,及时跟农村对接起来,形成一条合理的链条,从中赚取利润的过程。他的经历很难复制,没有当年在金水河边的经历,与喜庆幼年时的贫贱之交,就很难抓住洛阳工商业发展的脉搏。他无意中打了一个时间差,等到官府主动来做这些事情,市场空间便就很快缩小了。
正是听了孙二郎的故事,王安石才在今天亲自来问。孙二郎的经历,就是接下来的工商业改革,怎么利用会社会组织,跟农业对接起来的宝贵经验。跟农业对接起来,王安石才真正把握住了工商业改革的意义。明白了意义,王安石才知道该如何去做。
至于两位押司为首的吏人闹事,对王安石来说就是一个小插曲。他的错误,是在刚刚任知县的时候,过于忽略了工商业改革,给了吏人们上下其手的机会。改正这个错误,对王安石来说最主要的认识,具体的手段他有的是。
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