第三十九 水泥
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第三十九水泥
王洛宾采购过一整套立窑法生产水泥的小水泥设备，不过这套设备运转起来需要使用大量的煤，而穿越者们暂时还没有煤。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com
其他水泥所需要的原料，如粘土、石灰、石膏在当地都有所发现，这个砖窑的取土场的粘土本身含沙量少，土质偏红――含铁质高，很适合烧水泥。石灰的话，虽然博铺那边用贝壳蛎房烧出来的石灰碳酸钙含量偏低，但是取土坑附近也能找到白垩土的矿层，石膏暂时在附近还没有发现，不过加不加石膏问题不大。
王洛宾考虑过再三之后，决定暂时不安装对温度和原材料都有一定要求的成套设备，而是因陋就简的烧制一种代水泥来满足目前的施工需求。这种代水泥又叫做“人工火山灰水泥”，有的地方过去农村也烧过。它不需要复杂的设备流程，简单的说，就是把烧成的砖瓦或者陶器破碎碾细，也可以直接将石灰和粘土放在窑内煅烧。这种代水泥的工序极简单，煅烧温度600－800摄氏度就可以，比烧制硅酸盐水泥所需要的1450摄氏度低得多。性能大致和最古老的“火山灰水泥”类似。云南的滇越铁路就是用这种水泥修筑的，抗战期间广泛用于西南大后方的基础建设。
王洛宾只是知道有这个东西，是不是能用还不了解。所以先叫人把砖场里烧好的红砖取一批过来做实验。劳工们用手工一一敲碎把砖头敲成小块，磨细的工作原来打算用人力或者马力牵引石碾的――他们在百仞滩的采石场找到了不少大大小小的石碾――运行了一小时后发觉效率实在低得可怕：才碾了10公斤。
碾细过筛之后，王洛宾把这些粉末和石灰混合，然后加水拌匀，在建筑组的众目睽睽之下，这些混合物被用来砌一堵墙。大家都很兴奋，想亲眼看看这个传说中的代水泥是不是真得有效。
干结之后证明这种烧粘土的代水泥完全可用。当然不能和真正的硅酸盐水泥相比，但是可以用来作为建筑材料的黏合剂，甚至能制造强度要求不大的混凝土。
这个发现令所有人振奋。连砸砖头的泥水匠赵五都是一脸兴奋的神情――他做泥水匠十几年了，砌墙造屋，都是黄土、石灰和水拌匀了作黏合。最考究的，也不过是加了糯米汁的灰泥，这群人竟然用砖头碾粉就做出来可以把砖头牢牢黏合在一起的灰泥！这太超乎他的想像了，他们真得是海贼么？这一招可得记着。因为学到了这手，甚至有点高兴自己被俘了。
水泥是穿越者们真正意义上的第一件现代工业产品，虽然它还不是太合格。但是对穿越者的建设来说这是关键的一步，水泥可是现代建筑的基本原料。
不过碾磨的效率还是太低了，按这个水平，24小时不断的碾磨产量也只有240公斤，低得不值一提。
机械组的人研究之后，制造出了一台简易的自动碾磨机。他们用了二个从百仞滩采石场找来的石碾，做了一个电动的双碾，用穿心轴连接于立轴上，立轴上装有轴承，以减轻转动时候的阻力，用一个安有甩轮的摇动架通过铁链带动伞形齿轮，使石碾运转。
但是加料和筛料还是手工操作，不仅效率差，而且容易搞成尘肺――这是个很麻烦的职业病，几乎没救得。虽然干这些活的都是俘虏的土著，但是劳动力对穿越者来说也是一种财富。展无涯就带着几个机械组员研究了一番，在伞形齿轮上加了一个木轮，用皮带带动一个筛粮食用的风车罗，物料由立轴顶端的漏斗加入，碾出的粉料由坡道自动流下，落入风车罗，利用风力将粗细粒分开，粗粒由坡道旁的输送料斗重新送回到石碾上面的漏斗，再次入碾子碾细。这套铁木石合作的土装置每天能粉碎差不多1吨的碎砖料。
有了水泥，砌造轮窑还需要耐火砖。耐火砖是现代工业的基石之一，没有这个东西，不用说轮窑、水泥窑，连未来的高炉都没指望。幸好临高本地就出产耐火材料。穿越者们从砖窑附近找到了烧制耐火砖的氧化铝和氧化硅，很容易的烧出了耐火砖。
有了耐火砖和水泥，修建一座轮窑在建筑组的手里就是手到擒来了，几天以后，轮窑的砖红色烟囱第一次向空中喷吐出浓厚的黑烟。
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