第一百零一节 炼钢
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高温的热风会造成熔铁炉的送风口损坏，必须加以保护。穿越者的技术水平已经足以克服这个问题。他们很容易的就抄袭了苏格兰铁厂的孔迪发明的苏格兰风口，这种风口有一只熟铁盘管，嵌装在铸铁锥形管中，两端伸出锥形套底面，每边各一只。水从伸出的管子的一端流入，一直流到风口狭窄的一端。水在盘管中绕行，最后经过对面伸出的管子流出。
有了这个熔铁炉，冶金组才能在几次小规模的炼钢中成功的炼出钢材来。下一步，则是炼焦。
穿越者早期用的是木炭，但是焦炭还是最理想的燃料。煤焦化的意义不仅在于为钢铁业提供高质量的燃料，在炼焦过程中获得的各种副产品更是在化学工业中重要原料。为此还是运来了一整套煤焦化设备。不仅可以炼焦，还能用其产生的副产品制造出20多种重要化工产品。包括汽油、柴油、沥青、苯酚、甲苯、粗苯、硫酸、各种溶剂油、润滑油和石蜡。可以说煤焦化联合企业一旦投产，穿越众的化工水平就会有质的飞跃。
不过，就和所有的成套设备一样安装难度很大。尽管事先请生产厂家培训，准备了大量的图纸、安装手册和专用设备。在一群半路出家的安装工手里，还是进度迟缓。而且这套系统属于连续运转型，不能开开停停的，一次投料就要上百吨煤。穿越者现在全部煤储量才不过20吨。所以冶金组只能采取简易的土法炼焦了。
土法炼焦的方法有很多，最简单的就是堆积起来的露天法，2～4吨煤在地面上堆成半圆堆，底部直径3～4米，上面盖上稻草引火，4～5天就可以成焦了，成焦率只有50％，这种方法在大炼钢铁时代还被使用过，造成的资源浪费和环境污染极其严重，穿越者可以不顾环保问题，但是煤焦油是化工的重要原材料，不能随便的浪费。
罗铎再次从计算机的科技资源库里找来的一种改良方案，使用开滦圆炉进行炼焦生产。开滦炉有三种不同的规格，每次投料数从55吨到260吨不等。以55吨级的炉的性价比最好，也符合穿越者在初级阶段煤炭有限的现状。
建筑材料也很简单，除了少数部件需要铁皮之外，基本材料就是砖和耐火砖。整个炼焦过程大概在12天左右，成焦率75％，这种炉能够利用炼焦产生的煤气加热炼焦炉，同时能回收一部分的煤焦油。这些用水冷却回收之后的焦油被收集到陶罐里，准备将来作为化工原料。
终于，焦炭和生铁都准备好了。季无声召集起了炼钢工人们。这些改行不久的穿越者穿上了石棉防护服和手套，戴上专用的帽子和变色护目镜。他把几个要点和各个操作岗位的人重说了一遍：一是调节风量必须均匀调整，不能忽大忽小，其次铁水倒入炉中的时候不能高于风口，否则会把风口结死，最后就是倒铁水的量，每次不能超过转炉炉腔的六分之一。
两台鼓风机开始同时运作，一台对化铁炉进行鼓风，把温度逐渐升高到1300度以上，生铁锭已经完全熔化，这时候季无声指挥工人投入0.4％的小苏打，进行脱硫处理，与此同时转炉预热中，根据要求，整个转炉要预热到1000摄氏度，以减少铁水进入后的温度损失。
当光学温度计上显示化铁炉内的铁水温度已经到达到1380度的时候，铁水被倒入转炉内开始吹炼，此时鼓风机的风压保持在0.07～0.12个大气压，铁水在高温热风的催动下不断升温。季无声紧紧的盯着炉内的火舌，一朵一朵的铁花在不断的爆现，火舌是红黄色的，接着是黄白―白色，最后完全白得发亮。这说明炉温正在不断的升高。
吹炼持续了差不多十多分钟，星形的碳花密度不断加大，白亮的火舌由短变长，此时碳的燃烧进入到高峰。
当季无声看到火舌开始变短，碳花稀疏起来的状况，他知道铁水中剩余的碳分开始接近钢的含量。他用摇炉杆上下起落了一二次，看看有没有更多的碳花爆出，当看到碳花没有突然增多，就下令关风了。
随后，工人们把炉盖和风管都拆掉，开始打渣和扒渣，最后浇注。型砂采用的是90％的黄沙、5％的陶土和5％的白泥。浇铸成型之后就是钢锭了。至于这个钢锭是高碳、中碳和低碳，季无声暂时还控制不了，每炼一炉出来，就要做一次试验来确定这是什么钢。
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