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第一百二十七节 酸和碱(三)

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第一百二十七节酸和碱(三)

安全生产是季思退最头疼的。龙腾小说ltxs520.com化工厂出事故不比一般的企业:工人伤亡不算,设备还会受损,化学品泄露的可怕后果更是难易预料。这些前农民对危险品的散漫态度实在让他吃不消――进行了好几次安全生产教育,把几个不按照规定穿戴防护服的家伙痛斥了一顿

几个倒霉蛋垂头丧气的站着被他痛骂了整整半小时。就临高的气候状况来说,全身防护的站在炉子边操作的确是种折磨。玻璃纤维的裤套、橡胶围裙、长臂手套和高筒靴,都是不透气的玩意,就算不在炉子边操作几分钟下来也大汗淋漓了。

“你们想变成他这样吗?!”季思退拿出一本医学图册――是他从大图书里搞来的,里面的照片全部是化学烧伤的患者照片。

但是照片的效果实在是过于恐怖,以至于收到了反效果。好几个土著工人都来哀求他,说不想干这活了。把个季思退闹得为之气结。

一番安抚、许愿和暗示不干就送劳改队去尝尝传说中的符有地的鞭子的恐吓之后好不容易把硫酸车间的人心安抚好了,生产也正常了。季思退这才抽出身来,又赶到了烧碱车间。车间外,已经堆满了大大小小的水缸,还有大量的盐。冰风正领着人安装设备。

“盐、自来水和水缸都有了。乘现在工程还没完,我们先来配饱和食盐水。”志愿带着学生来帮忙的白雨说。他虽然当了教师,也还是化学爱好者。

“这盐不行。”徐营捷摇摇头,“粗盐!杂质太多了。”

电解食盐做烧碱,在原理上非常简单,直接电解饱和食盐水,分解出氢氧化钠――也就是所谓的烧碱来,同时还能分解出氯气和氢气。但是盐场村送来的盐是未经过精制的粗盐,里面不仅有钠盐,还有钾盐、镁盐、硫酸盐等各式各样的杂质,杂质在生产会影响分解效率,而且会损坏宝贵的电极。

所以在电解之前,必须把粗盐首先经过处理精制,去除杂质,使之成为纯净的氯化钠饱和溶液之后才能投入生产。现代时空有分工高度发达的工业体系,烧碱工业完全可以购买到经过精制的氯化钠成品。这儿,则一切都得自己动手。工业越是落后原始,自我配套的东西就越多。

季思退先把送来的盐做了一次分析,盐场村的盐质量很高,对电解影响最大的硫酸盐成分含量极少。这对他来说是利好消息:除去硫酸盐是工业做法是用氯化钡――这东西他可没有,而且氯化钡是剧毒化学品,就算能合成他也不想搞。至于钙盐、镁盐的含量也不高,是非常理想的工业用盐。

他叫人把成筐的粗盐倒在沉淀槽里,加上水到饱和状态之后,负责精制电解液的白雨把领来纯碱和烧碱,依照测试出来的盐水成分,按比例的添加进去,以使其中的钙盐和镁盐与其发生化学反应后生成氯化钙和氢氧化镁沉淀出来。上面的澄清液就是用来电解的饱和氯化钠溶液了。因为添加过烧碱和纯碱,所以还要用少量的稀盐酸进行中和处理。

生产中电解食盐是持续的过程,必须源源不断的向电解槽内补充饱和氯化钠溶液。所以盐水的精制在整个电解过程中是不停的进行的。

采用一缸一缸制取的间歇式精制法操作简单,设备简单,但是劳动强度太大,消耗人力太多。一般在工业上是采用连续精制的办法。季思退虽然搞得是土法,还是决定尽可能的使生产自动化程度高一些。

季思退根据自身的条件――有自来水供应――决定在正式生产的时候,化盐阶段使用连续操作。水从专门的化盐槽的底部流入,通过槽内的盐层,从槽商上部出口溢出。盐则间断的由人力往里加,以保持一定的盐层。化出的盐水即为饱和盐水,从化盐槽引入沉淀槽再进行中和处理。

为了减轻劳动强度,盐水槽的位置做成阶梯型状,一个比一个高,这样可以利用位差和虹吸原理进行盐水的输送。。由低到高就是化盐槽-沉淀槽-中和槽。最后从中和槽内流出的饱和氯化钠溶液再送入加热槽内。

这套系统较之工业上使用的简单,而且不需要什么机械辅助。少量人力就够用了。

“做烧碱居然还要放烧碱!”带着学生负责处理盐水的白雨说。

徐营捷说:“这是两码事。你做得是精制盐水,和烧碱制造还八竿子打不着呢。”

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