第一百七十一节 猪与牛
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“这种技术叫‘网上育仔’――苗猪的粪尿都会漏下去，被地面上的垫料吸收，网上清洁干爽，苗猪就不容易得痢疾。成活率就高出许多来了。很简单的原理，实施起来也不难。”
“有点象‘高床平养鸡’。”
“不错，这个技术实际上是相通的。”杨宝贵说，“还有自动饮水器。上次我到工能委去要他们做，这几个人还非说没有塑料橡胶，其实要什么塑料橡胶呢，用个杠杆式的开关就是了，稍微漏点水也不要紧。可是用了自动饮水器，不但猪饮水卫生了，对猪圈的环境卫生也有好处。猪就少生病了，也用不着一天到晚给它们喂抗生素。。”
工能委机械厂做得土法饮水机除了少量部件是金属的之外，全部是陶瓷和竹器。水是从一个架高的钢筋水泥模制的水箱里里流出来的，粗竹管做输水管。猪只要拱一根竹杠杆，水流就会从蓄水的陶瓷罐子里流出来，流在下面的饮水盘里。这个设备有些渗水，不过比起把水倒在石槽里要干净，浪费也少。
“再比如说饲料的投喂。这里还是传统的‘稀汤饱喂’投喂法，猪食是稀得，喂饱了事，看起来省料，其实水太多了影响猪的消化，反而不容易上膘。至于猪食熟喂更没有必要，不但营养价值受到损害，还容易闹成亚硝酸盐中毒。费人工费燃料。除了泔水之外，一般饲料都可以生喂。这种土法的小改进还可以做很多。”
杨宝贵现在把养猪的重点放在扩大东北民猪的养殖上。现代社会除了用东北民猪作为杂交母本用之外，基本已经不再做肉猪饲养，原因是它脂肪沉积率太高，属于爱长肥肉的猪，现代社会对猪的需求是尽量多长瘦肉：除了瘦肉猪，还有所谓的“跑步猪”，最简单还有瘦肉精之类的玩意。所以这种猪不受欢迎。但是对穿越集团来说，猪除了提供肉食，还负责供应脂肪这一工业资源的任务。
猪之外，牛是饲养场里最大牲畜群了。海南在历史上的主要出口产品就包括牛。临高本地的水牛和黄牛都不少。黎区更是本地牛的主要供应产地。从临高黎区贸易和昌化堡源源不断的运来了百多头牛，使得养牛场的规模一下扩大了很多。
养牛场的牛主要是充当畜力。目前运用在田间劳动上不多，主要是进行货物运输――牛车运输现在正成为穿越集团的主要陆地运输方式。杨宝贵既要搞繁殖迅速扩大牛群，又要兼顾畜力的需求。从昌化加快输入牛只是最好的选择，运来之后稍加调养休息就可以投入役使，牛对饲料要求低，也没有饲料供应上的顾虑。
他对各处运来的牛进行了甄别，水牛肉质粗老，主要供畜力耕地拉车使用，所以控制了水牛的养殖规模，主要饲养是各种黄牛。黄牛不仅可以用来拉车，还能兼顾肉用和皮用。
牛场里的牛此时正在休息，现在是下午，天气正热，几个农工正在牛棚周围洒水降温。这些牛因为每天要担负沉重的道路运输任务，所以照顾的特别周到，不但每日添加精料，而且保证给予充分的休息。
“牛的数量真不少，”吴南海说，“看来反倒是牛肉普及起来快。”
“其实对我们来说理想的饲养品种还是牛和羊――吃草就行了。猪要大量的粮食。青饲料只能作为补充。这里的养猪习惯是育肥的时候吃米饭，太浪费了。”
“大规模的种植番薯就是为了保证饲料粮。其实牛也得吃粮食吧。要吃玉米什么的。”
“传统养牛就是单纯的草饲牛。喂专门的青饲料也可以。玉米养牛也只有美国这样自然条件过于优越的国家才搞得出来。”杨宝贵叹了口气，他对北美是情有独钟的。
他们走过了专门用来配种的种公牛的牛棚，这里的栅栏非常的粗大，公牛脾气暴躁，体型和力气又大，不管是喂养还是役使都得很小心。不过本地的种公牛杨宝贵看不上眼，只饲养的很少的几只作为保持原种用。现在怀孕的本地母牛配得都是从现代时空带来的几种不同用途的良种牛的冷冻精子。
种母牛在春季都配上了种。怀孕的母牛分单间饲养，每个牛栏前挂着牌子，上面写着牛只编号、畜龄、受孕日期，预产期，自身品种和配种品种。
看到杨宝贵过来，几头母牛把头伸了出来，一对对大大的温和又湿润的眼睛直盯着他看，还哞哞的叫。
“你看它们都认识我。”杨宝贵开玩笑的说着抚了下其中一头牛的脖子，“这头可金贵了，它怀得是黑白花乳牛。以后的牛奶就要指望它的孩子了。”说着他检查了下食槽，看看牛只的取食情况，接着对照墙上挂着的黑板，看饲养员有没有准确的记录投喂状况。杨宝贵对饲料投喂的控制非常严格，草料、精料、食盐全部定时定量。
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