第八十三节 蚕丝
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第八十三节蚕丝
但是沈家的破产却不是因为生丝行情不好，而是蚕的病害。龙腾小说ltxs520.com
“去年小的们养蚕不合染了蚕病，全年绝收”男人愁眉苦脸，“故而折了本。要请老爷收留。”
蚕病大部分是病毒引起的，养蚕的地方环境封闭，蚕的密度又很大，如果不能做好清洁消毒的工作，很容易爆发各种蚕病。传统养蚕对应对蚕病也有一套自己的做法，但是当时在消毒理念上还有缺失，所以类似爆发蚕病造成减收甚至绝收的事情是屡见不鲜的。
一旦出了大规模的病害，对蚕农来说就有血本无归的危险。
看来养蚕对农民来说同样属于“高风险高回报”，没自己想得这么简单。赵引弓听得来了兴趣。既然要做这行生意，当然要先打听得越清楚越好。
当下又让他说说具体的养蚕过程，但是养蚕在农村这是妇女的专利。女孩子从十二三岁起就开始学习养蚕。从腊月“护种”开始，到开春孵种“摊鸟”，一直到蚕“三眠”、“出火”、“上山”乃至烘茧、缫丝，全都由妇女代办。他虽然知道但是怕自己说得不明白，甚至说错，便让自己老婆来说。
“奴婢见过老爷。”女人生得清秀，说得也是一口兼具南北之音的杭州土话――和现代杭州话的差异不是很大，赵引弓听得受用，当即面带微笑道，“起来，你叫什么？”
“乡下女人没有名字，奴婢娘家姓王，行四，大家原来都叫我王四娘。老爷愿意叫奴婢就叫奴婢什么。”女人说话很是伶俐――江南的农家女子不但要种田养蚕，不时还要“上街”行贩，所以说话见识还算不差。
王四娘先说了养蚕的过程，从蚕孵出到成茧，前后需要二十八到四十天的工夫。喂蚕有定时，必须及时添加桑，似乎每个环节都可以插一脚……他摇了摇头，让自己静一静，略略理出了一个头绪，才重拾中断的话题。
“你们缫出来得丝又卖到哪里？”
“专门有收丝的丝行。生丝一出来，收购生丝的‘丝客人’就到市镇上来了。”王四娘说生丝的行情随行就市，但是普通生丝常年都在每担都在三四十两银子以上。从万历年以来，生丝和丝织品大量外销，生丝的行情不断上涨，虽然某些年份不景气，大多数年份经营丝业依然是一个有利可图的行业。
“喔，”赵引弓点头，“你倒再说说丝行看，也要领牙帖，也有同业公所？”
“听说也是一样的。不过奴婢平常只碰得到下乡来的‘丝客人’，内中的具体情形就不大知道了。”
王四娘说：有的丝行的“丝客人”也经手放债，蚕农可以向他们借贷，到新丝出来之后再用生丝还债。看似手续简便，实则还债的时候生丝估价很低，蚕农非常吃亏。
在盘剥蚕农上，“丝客人”并不比茧行仁慈或者有信义。但是蚕茧一旦缫成新丝也有时间的限制，生丝放久了容易发黄，丝客人若是故意拖延时间，固然能够杀蚕农的价，但是生丝收到之后留给他自己的销售时间也短了。所以故意延期杀价这样的事情就很少见。蚕农多少能得些实惠。
“丝行的生丝最后卖到何处去？”
“大多是卖给各个织造作坊，也有发卖给外地客人。”
“本地的织造的绸缎多吗？”
“回禀老爷，如何不多？”王四娘笑着说，“旁得不说，光这城里的东府西府，外加两个织染局，每年额定的袍服料就要几千匹。这还不算其他的名目。合起来，每年光进贡的绸料就要上万匹了。”
东西两府这个名称引起了他的注意，蔡实见他面露疑惑，赶紧解释道：“是朝廷设在杭州的织造府。就在普济桥东。里面织造的绸缎都是供应内用的。”两个染织局同样是官办的大作坊，规模很大。
赵引弓问：“你可会织绸？”
“奴婢不会，织造绸缎专有工匠，不是父子也是师徒，不是奴婢这样的乡下人能会得。”
“你们先下去吧。过些日子必有用到你们的地方。”赵引弓说着又对孙旺才说道：“这几个孩子一并收入义私念书。”
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