第一百节 传统印刷(科技文)
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他忽然想到了一个问题,问道:“此书的作者是何许人也?”不知道在距离作品问世不久的本时空能不能弄清楚这一历史疑案?
“书上署名兰陵笑笑生,不过大伙都说是凤洲先生的手笔。”
凤洲先生就是王世贞。书问世后不久就有人如此传说,一直到近代这一说法都是最有市场的,这对周洞天来说不是什么新闻――他略微有些失望。
“亦有人说着是某老公儿的手笔。”掌柜的压低了声音说道,“这就不好说了。”
周洞天点点头,显然在本时空一样得不到明确的答案。
明末的风气堪称开放,声色男女之事不算“耻事”。掌柜的见两位老爷对此很有兴趣,当即又搬来了一堆此类小说供他们选购,从大名鼎鼎的《》,到不怎么出名的《痴婆子传》,拉拉杂杂,林林总总有二三十种之多。有些在旧时空已经失传了。听掌柜的说这些书卖得都不坏,属于常年可销的品种。周洞天翻了几本,觉得这个商机也很不错。当下掏了十两银子,把这些书全买了下来。
书坊的掌柜又做了一笔好买卖,对他们愈发殷勤。一问十答。周洞天把兴趣又转向雕版工场,看到雕刻绣像的工人和刚才的不同,似乎是在雕刻某种不完整的图案,思索片刻他忽然明白了,这是在雕刻套版印刷的画板。
走到下一个厅堂内证实了他的想法。这是在搞“套版彩色印刷。”
雕版印刷一般只用单色印刷。五代开始有人尝试进行彩色印刷,工艺是将几种不同的色料,同时上在一块板上的不同部位。然后一次印于纸上印出彩色印张。这种方法称为“单版复色印刷法”。著名的天津杨柳青版画就是采用这种方法生产。
这种做法成本低,速度快,但是印刷色料容易混杂渗透,而且色块界限分明,显得图案呆板。
从元代开始,有了所谓的“多版复色印刷”,也就是所谓的“套版印刷”。大致就是要用多少种颜色就雕刻多少块版,每一块印板上涂上不同的色料,分次印刷在同一张纸张上。套版彩色印刷的工艺延续了很久,除了印刷厂之外,在印染厂一直用到20世纪。
南京在明代已经成为了彩色套印的中心,一般的书坊都有彩色套印的能力。
因为套色印刷的成本大得多――有多少种颜色就得准备多少块同样的雕板,所以明清时期书籍的彩色套印一般只用朱墨两色,只有年画印刷才用比较多的颜色。
此刻正在书坊中印刷的绣像也只用了三种颜色。不过掌柜的已经很得意了,表示他这次是“不惜工价,唯求尽善尽美”。
在整个参观过程中,周洞天从掌柜的口中知道打听到整个南京,能够印刷的书籍大约有一千种。分为九个类别。靠这个吃饭的工匠、伙计、商贩有好几万人。买卖很是红火。书籍不但远销各省,还有大量的出口――特别是向和朝鲜的输出。
不过最好卖得还是“时文集”,也就是“公务员考试辅导书”。尽管年年都要编刻新书,这类书依然畅销不衰。周、梅二人不免又唏嘘了一番。
蔡宜邦揣摩这二位首长对书坊如此感兴趣,十之是要开办书坊。他是南京本地的土著,颇有几个吃这碗饭的穷亲戚,他赶紧抓住这个机会向周洞天推荐。
周洞天觉得这亦无不可,毕竟雕版师傅还是需要得――原本他到南京来就有为临高的印刷厂招揽一批高手雕版工人的用意在内,再者杭州印刷厂也有需要。当下便满口答应下来,还要他尽量多招募些印刷工人来。
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