第二百六十六节 优势
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中国传统的航海导航,对海上地标的依赖性很大的。因为中国没有发展处经纬度的概念,即使有指南针。还是有无法为船只定位的问题。传统的做法是观星,通过星辰位置来大致推定自身的位置。
但是更常用,更便捷的,就是使用海上地标。在传统的航海导航图“针路簿”上,到某地针路几何,航向哪里都有明确记载。而转舵更改航向,都以海中的地标作为导航标志。所以船只航海一般均沿着海岸线或者海中岛屿、沙滩作为导航标记。
由于先天不足,所以郑芝龙的远洋作战能力其实很弱,除了荷兰人之外,不管刘香还是郑芝龙并没有在广阔洋面上进行搜索作战的能力。实际上,他和荷兰人以及其他海主的战斗,几乎全部在沿海的海湾和岛屿附近进行。
至于说荷兰人,仅仅特务艇就有九个中队,三十六条大型福船广船,这三十六条,任何一条火力都不输荷兰人的大型战舰,而数量则远远超过。
郑芝龙虽然号称有数百战舰,但是其中专职的大型军舰也就三五十条,单舰战斗力更是远远不如特务艇,甚至说连荷兰人的小型纵帆船和横帆船都可以以少击多对抗郑芝龙的舰队。郑芝龙就算把所有战舰集结起来,也不见得是特务艇中队们的对手。
海军利用计算机程序进行了海上的模拟交战测试,一方是荷兰人的典型大型武装商船:newbantam号,载重800吨,最大排水量超过1200吨,属于东亚海上的最大级别。舰上的火力是7门18磅蛇炮,16门12磅半蛇,这些就是能进入炮战的全部火炮了。由于火炮是分列两船舷的,它的单舷开火的一次投射量也只有150磅左右。
newbantam号不但在面对立春级和901型的时候毫无还手之力――线膛炮的威力在早期滑膛炮面前简直是神一般的存在。根据软件测算:130mm达尔格伦线膛炮发射的实心弹、燃烧弹和榴弹的破坏力,即使相当保守的估算,最多也只要命中五六发就能够彻底摧毁newbantam号的作战和航行能力。在一次软件模拟射击中,甚至有一发实心弹直接穿透船壳命中火药库炸毁全船的状态出现。
即使在面对没有线膛炮的特务艇的时候荷兰人的顶级战舰也完全没有一点优势可言。
在面对安装着48磅滑膛加农炮和68磅卡隆炮的特务艇的时候,不仅投射火力量逊色于特务艇,在射程、穿透力、射击精度上也完全不是特务艇的对手。
一艘常见的标准排水量大约200吨的广船型特务艇上,仅48磅加农炮就有6门,外加4们68磅卡隆炮。一次侧船舷开火就能投射280磅炮弹,差不多是newbantam号的一倍。
不仅如此,荷兰人战舰上的蛇炮和半蛇炮的弹丸单重小,穿透力也弱。蛇的穿透力比24磅差得远,按照法国长炮的数据,拿战时期的18磅长炮在100码穿透能力还不如24磅在300码。一发24磅的破坏力比两发18磅还大。更不用说48磅火炮了。配合好的炮架,24磅炮射速也比蛇和半蛇快得多。
至于68磅卡隆炮的pb射程有270码,蛇炮也不过330码左右,5度仰角射程卡龙更是在蛇炮之上。而且蛇炮对盖伦船一般要100码左右杀伤力才够,而68磅相反,穿透力太强,很远就行,福船结构虽然弱,但是跟他们对轰还是没啥问题的。对轰的话,双方在300码对轰,蛇炮固然能打烂福船,68磅更是能把武装商船轰成渣。
至于说火力更少的和谐轮,尽管在单舷火力投射上不如newbantam号,即使没有特务艇之类的战舰护航,结队航行的和谐轮依然是东亚海面上最强悍的舰队。五条船组成的一个运输队,火力足以抵挡荷兰人能够一次出动的舰队。
要知道为了对付荷兰舰队,郑芝龙可都是每次都必须主力集结,而且还要在近海作战才能取胜的。
不管怎么计算和推演,只要他们不一头冲进狭窄海面去混战,不管是郑芝龙、刘香还是荷兰人,全不在话下。
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