第三百四十二节 测试
最新网址:m.ltxsdz.com
单从现象上看,易花买粮的过程中,有人操纵粮食渠道,造成花贱粮贵的局面,加剧百姓的负担,应该从粮食流通渠道入手解决。但是张溥却看得很明白,根子不在粮食价格上,而在于漕运环节中的巨大损耗――特别是白粮。
白粮北运,采用得是所谓的官督民运的方式,由解送的粮长雇佣船只,准备资材,将粮食从运河运到北京。从在乡领取运粮的贴费开始,到沿途过关讨闸,最后到京师入仓,每个环节都要支付无穷无尽的规费。
一名粮长解运的白粮不到五百石,但是每一石的运费:宣德时每为三石左右,至成化时已经升至三四石;正德、嘉靖时,已升至四五石;到万历时以五六石为常,甚至有的飙升到8石。至崇祯时,粮解一名费银竟然可达1500两。
这样正耗和“花销”加在一起,每石白粮的运费几倍乃至十几倍于正赋。百姓为了完粮就得超额准备大量的米粮,对外来粮食的需求大为增加,加剧里粮价的进一步上涨。
只有将这超额的“损耗”设法予以消除,才能真正的减轻百姓负担。赵引弓想,就张溥所处的时代来说,这也算是在现有体制下最简单最有效的办法了。
但是赵引弓知道,这个可操作性很强的做法最终还是遭到漕运方面的反对而失败了,不仅如此,连上奏此事的知州刘光士也遭到了降职调任的处分。
每到王朝末年,既得利益集团都会顽固的坚持自己的所得利益,任何些许的改良都无法推行。最终造成积重难返的局面。相比清代的漕运组织――清代的漕运同样堪称、低效、浪费严重,但是终于改成里官兑官运,解放了在大明统治下苦于漕粮运京的江南百姓,在运输效率上大有提高,相较之大明的漕运就高明多了。
赵引弓在杭州的一年时间里,除了办完璧书坊,另一件事就是广泛的考察江南的民生经济。他尤其注意到江南相当发达的民船运输业:不仅内河的航运业已经有里了很大的规模,在外海的沿海航线上,江南的船运业也十分发达,特别是在上海县等地,已经出现里规模很大的海运主。这些海运主坐拥十几艘乃是上百艘的沙船,北上山东、天津甚至直到辽东,运输南北货物。当然这些海运主还比较初级:他们大多自己就是货主,并非后来单纯以航运为业,只不过是在兼顾自己需求的时候也代办货运。清代上海县有名的沙船帮就是在这一基础上发展起来的。
在赵引弓看来,大明完全可以将漕运改为海运,不但可以节省了巨额漕运费用,直接减轻百姓负担,还能免去维持漕运的庞大行政费用。就综合收益率来看远比裁驿站来得划算。
他一直在筹划着组建海运公司,进行南北货运。山海五路里的大有在上海的分号就在租用当地的沙船海运进行南北货贸易,获利颇丰,如果自己再组建海运公司,以临高的建造的h800的优秀性能,这利润还不是滚滚而来。
如果能够承运大明的漕运,赵引弓做梦都要笑出声来。这利润!
当然,要在大明做大买卖,大生意,没有缙绅在背后支持是不成的。他原本就在打徐光启家的主意,现在听到张溥在问此事,顿时觉得机会来了。
如果张溥和复社都能意识到漕运改海运的好处,那么自己承揽漕运的计划就有很大的成功可能。
赵引弓缓缓道:“学生以为:花贱粮贵只是小恙,沉疴却在漕运之上!”
一瞬间,他看到张溥眼中流露出赞赏的神情。这不仅是因为他的看法独到,而且正对了对方的胃口。
赵引弓心想:惭愧!又开作弊器了!
他随即理了理思路,开始侃侃而谈,先从大明的漕运问题开始谈,接着谈白粮的种种陋规和需索,说到百姓的负担不在于正赋,而在于层出不穷的“耗米”,眼见张溥听得仔细,便渐渐得将矛头转向漕运体制上。
因为时刻都准备“罢漕运海”,所以他肚子里关于漕运弊端的干货很多――全是黑材料――现在逐一抛出来,竟然把大明的漕运黑到一无是处误国蔽民之极。
{感谢各位书友的支持,您的支持就是我们最大的动力}
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