第四百三十节 废漕改海之议
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赵引弓当初去见张溥的时候卖弄过得全套玩意这会又拿了出来。更多小说ltxs520.com沈廷杨对这个问题久有研究，被他引经据典的一番宏论，不由得心中叹服――这位赵老爷果然有“经世致用”之学！
历代漕运始终是朝廷的大事，花费大，效率低，往往还和治水有着息息相关的联系。不管是唐代从关东向关内运粮，宋代通过黄河向开封运粮，还是元代的海运，明代的河运……每一桩都是个极复杂的系统工程，牵扯到的内容方方面面，所以自古以来就有“漕政”这一专门的学问。若不是有能力又肯钻研的人，否则一般读书人是很难掌握的。
这位赵老爷居然能侃侃而谈，而且见地之深刻，也远远超出了一般读书人看书看来得学问。
“先生果然见识犀利。”沈廷杨盯着他说，“不过漕粮改海虽好，朝廷上下却未必见得乐见其成。”
赵引弓点头：“先生说得是。”
沈廷杨抚着官帽椅的扶手，叹息道：“海运有种种的好处，可是却有三大难处，在朝堂之上总是说不响亮。”
“请先生教我。”
沈廷杨点点头，举起一个指头：“其一，候风不易，减省时间甚少。”
海运不比河运，可以划桨摇橹，特别是运送漕粮的大型海船，行船必靠风靠海流。古人对这方面的归纳总结有限，基本上是靠经验。所以一旦遇到息风或者风向不对就得候风。这原本不算什么，但是明末的航海技术有所退化，航海靠海上地标，不能跨海直航，往往要沿着海岸线或者岛屿群曲折航线。候风问题更为复杂。
“其二，海上风波难测，一遇狂风大浪，船只即有毁损，货物漂没。如今登莱、天津向关宁运输粮饷。海上运输损失甚巨。朝议一直为之诟病。”
赵引弓脸上露出了不以为然的神情，海上有风浪，船只和水手的技术水平落后，航海总是会发生各种沉船和毁货事故――这都是正常的，不过在渤海这样的近乎全封闭的内陆海域弄出这么大的漂没损耗，说白了就是在捣鬼。
沈廷杨注意到了他的反应，不过他没有就这个问题展开谈下去，而是直接谈第三个点：“其三。海运漕粮，人船众多，大量民夫运丁聚集，日久恐滋事。不如漕丁都是军人。有卫所管束。”
赵引弓并不直接评论这三个难处，而是反问道：“先生以为这三点如何？”
沈廷杨微微一笑：“夸大其词，一派胡言耳！”
赵引弓没想到对方说得如此的直白，不由得对他的好感度大为增加。当下点头道：“先生说得是。”他想了下，原本他已经准备好逐条驳斥，现在看来毫无必要了，他想了想才说：“所谓海运难行，说到底不外乎是既得利益者阻扰罢了。”
“既得利益者？”这个新名词引起了沈廷杨的兴趣。
“不错，既得利益者。”赵引弓点头说道。“一条运河由南到北，上到朝堂诸公，下到运丁闸夫，明面上的拿得，暗地里偷得……沿途吃河者不计其数，他们如何能愿意朝廷废漕改海？”
赵引弓说着就开始分条分块的大谈运河上的种种弊端：这也是他早就背熟了的大图书馆编撰的背景资料论文集。一船漕粮不论是过关讨闸，“过淮”……每到一处官面上的地方。照例都有陋规，处处要送红包，等到了通州办理投文，漕米上岸入仓，伸手要钱的人不计其数。
这还是明面上的种种好处，除次之外，漕丁、领运千总、押送的小官吏，甚至搬运米粮的轿夫。无一不要从船上的漕米中捞取好处――有得是贪婪使然，有得是迫不得已。一路上的所谓“损耗”甚至几倍于正额。
至于为了维持河运所耗费的修理疏浚运河设施，建造维修漕运船只的花费，那更是不计其数。由此产生了一个巨大的既得利益集团。
要对抗这么一个巨大的利益集团，朝廷不到迫不得已的时候是不会尝试的。然而即使到了风雨飘摇的崇祯十二年，沈廷杨的海运试验成功之后。依然未能废漕改海，虽然他个人获得了仕途上的重大发展，但是对整个大明的覆灭却依然未能有一点补益。
这会，沈廷杨还不知道自己的努力会得到这样的结果。这些年来他研究漕改海花费了大量心血，对朝堂的阻力倒也不是一无所知，但是并没有想到自己要面对如此的庞然大物。不由得感到一阵气馁。
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