第一百二十五节 请柬
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“其实你们搞不动产登记和工商登记有点急了，”陈策略觉惋惜，“本来这个发招换契的机会，是可以收一大笔的印花税的。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com要是等新币推开之后再搞就好了。”
印花税具有“税负轻、税源旺、征收易”的特点，自荷兰人1624年发明之后，很快为各国政府所模仿，元老院自然也不能例外。
印花税在海南已经开始实施，但是海南的印花税是以粮食流通券作为货币单位的，而广东这边是即将全面推广的银储券，所以并没有立刻被移植到广州来。
“这事我们也想过，现在所以这次发得执照和房地契我们都有年审制度。”郑尚洁说，“营业执照一年一次，房地契三年一次――”
陈策说：“你们考虑还挺全面啊。”
“没法不全面，毕竟是财源啊。”刘翔说，“印花税这个税种好，广州的商业贸易很多，立契起券是家常便饭，有了印花税，聚沙成塔，就是常年不断的税源了。”
“不过本时空的商贾百姓，立约起券的时候虽然有中人、保人、证人之类的名目，在衙门里备案的却不多。但是上衙门打官司的话，这些契约文书也算证据。我们推行这个印花税票怕是会有阻力吧――毕竟原本在衙门备案不是强制性的要求。”郑尚洁说。
“这个容易。”陈策胸有成竹，“没有印花税票的契约文书，打官司的时候不能作为凭证。只要几次官司一打，老百姓自然就懂了。”
他们又讨论了可以征收的几种税收。关税整顿是海关的事，要等海关来颁行具体的政策，刘翔决定先从流通渠道征收间接税。
计划是在城南和城东各设一个批发市场，经营大宗货物批发。通过批发市场的收购和投放，来调节城内商品的供求和物价刘翔并不打算搞粮食、棉布之类的民生物资的统购统销――这是市政府和元老院都力有未逮的。
虽然不搞统购统销，但是粮食、棉布和燃料三项大宗商品，不论运进还是运出交易，都必需在批发市场内进行交易，以确保买卖双方完税。征收的税种，以征收较为简单的印花税和营业税为主。商人缴税取得税票之后，才准运销。
“大宗商品强制在批发市场交易纳税，是否会引起商人驻足不前？”刘翔有些担心。
“他们从前运到广州，一样要遭到牙人的盘剥，难道给牙人的中钱、仓租和盘剥不是钱吗？”陈策笑了，“历朝历代为什么要设立牙行牙人这种在我们看来收益很小，又明显违反市场规律的事情呢？实际上是中国古代的传统政府无力管理复杂的商业行为，无法从中获得利益，只好通过将利益出让给个人来获取少量的收入。你可以把牙人看作是一种官府的包税人。类似的例子还有明清的食盐专卖体制，就其本意来说如出一辙：通过最简单的方式获取财源，简化管理。至于结果我们都清楚，国家巨大的财源在变相的包税制下反而年年亏损。”
“这个就和让乞丐打更承担治安任务一样……”
“是的，”陈策说，“传统政府无力承担许多必不可少的公共服务，怎么办？那就通过让渡部分公权力来交换服务，至于服务的水平如何，社会维持支出的实际成本有多大，官府并不操心，反正成本是由老百姓来承担――所以说在公共服务社会化这个理念上我们是领先于世界的。”他说了来了兴趣，“我们一直说大明的商业税少。真得少吗？不用下去调查光看史籍就知道商人的负担并不轻――钱都去了哪里？大多花费是消耗在‘潜规则’了。而我们的税收体系就是把这些‘潜规则’明规化，做到征税有法可依，减少这种灰色领域。”
“张居正搞‘一条鞭法’也是和你一样的想法。”郑尚洁忽然说，“我担心……”
陈策笑了笑：“张居正的一条鞭法最终失败，不是因为他的税法有问题，而是大明政府体制落后了。凡是现代社会体制下的税收，除了某些奇葩国家之外，基本没有闹出过大问题的。”
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