第四百八十五章 一家不生 全村做牢
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汉人千年以来只遵循一条出人头地之路,那便是走科举之道。有明以来,“文贵武贱”思想越发深入人心,以致于考秀才,当举人,中进士再做官成了汉人百姓唯一望子成龙的途径。富人家的子弟还好些,真是走不了科举之路也另有谋生手段,而穷人家的孩子想出人头地,只能是读书考科举,要不然只能和父母一样继续贫穷下去。
每一个家境贫寒的读书人背后都有一段难以言说的血泪,省吃俭用的父母、含辛茹苦的寡母
科举给了汉人读书人晋身之阶,改变命运的机会。若读书人没有入仕晋身之阶,结果便是对前途绝望,从而造朝廷的反(如黄巢、洪秀全等),或转投异族图谋心中抱负(如张元、范文程、宁完我等)
清廷入关之前,便有大量汉奸文人为其出谋画策,入关当年,范文程便上疏多尔衮请立开大清科举,并将科举取士定为大清国策,以此笼拢汉族士绅,让他们转而自己放弃明朝,从而效忠大清。
多尔衮深以为然,欣然采纳,顺治三年即在京会试举人,此举令得北中国迅速安定下来。大量本不甘当亡国奴的读书人在发现清朝不仅不是不重视儒家圣教的异族王朝,反而和明朝一样给予他们晋身做官机会,于是,在圣人圣教大旗下,大量读书人重新拿起书本埋头于满清朝廷的科举考试之中。那刻,他们考虑更多的是如何在新政权立足,而不是想着我是汉人,这朝廷却是胡人。
此后,清军南下每攻一省,哪怕只占几府,都会在局面稍稍安定之后举行科举,且大开恩试,以此稳定地方人心,减轻占领区士绅反抗。广东这边若不是太平军异军突起,只怕此刻广东乡试早已举行,洪承畴之子洪士铭南下广东所为就是广东乡试事。
可以预见,在读书人只有科举晋身做官改变命运的一条路前提下,清朝的广东乡试一开,大量因为战乱失去晋身之阶的广东士子恐怕对大清的科举定是趋之若鹜。便是那些仍心怀故明的只怕也要动摇,毕竟清廷已经入关十多年,且拥有大半个中国,反之明朝却是日落西山,苟延残喘。两相对照,读书人便再有骨气,也不能不为自己前途和家族利益考虑。
“治天下在得民心,士为秀民。士心得,则民心得矣。”
在询问洪士铭清廷广东乡试细节时,对方说了这么一句。周士相听后默然,诚然,打天下时为了迅速控制局面,阻吓汉人反抗,清军只用屠刀;治天下时却要改用争夺民心这个办法,否则屠刀再锋利,面对风起云涌,前赴后继的“反清复明”运动,清廷总有搬石头砸自己脚的那一天。
所谓汉人的民心,向来只是那些士绅之民心,无权无势的贫苦百姓从来不是民心的代表,他们习惯了士绅为他们代言。因此只要抓住士绅这个汉族的精英阶层,不论是谁都能赢得民心。而士绅之基础便是读书人,有功名的读书人。
孙可望当年率大军西入滇后也开了科举,此举同样使得云南民心大定,读书人纷纷参加大西军的科举,而不去问大西军是否是流贼,大明的朝廷又在哪里。
武人有奶就是娘,谁给我饭吃、肉吃,我便为谁卖命;文人便是谁开科举让我考试,让我能有官做,或是有希望做官,我便效忠于谁。
文武非殊途,实一体也!
学得文武艺,售予帝王家。既然大明朝这个买主不在,那当然要投大清这个新买主,否则何以对得起自己的寒窗苦读,何以对得起家中父母妻儿!
当初的周士相,同样也是如此,他才不去理会什么明清不明清,什么华夷不华夷,谁能让他参加科举,谁能改变他的地位,谁能让他的日子过得更好,他便做谁的官。
倘新会没有发生那样的变故,这刻的周士相,或许正在广东贡院门口翘首看榜,一个名字一个名字找去,带着父母妻儿的期望,带着十分的希望,带着对未来的憧憬
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