265、医政
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谭公超就道：“第一个是冠带，第二个就是授品啦。”
徐小乐道：“授品就是升官呗，冠带是什么？”
谭公超指了指徐小乐的衣冠，道：“冠带就是你现在身上穿的这套。有冠有带。”徐小乐低头一看，药局大使虽然不入流，但要说头冠和腰带，还真是有的。
谭公超道：“你是生在福中不知福呦。多少医生，给乡梓做了很多好事，给朝廷效命多年，方才能得一套冠带。照永乐年间的朝廷规制，医生要想早点得冠带，就得去九边军镇效力三年。三年间有功无过，给一身冠带；再干三年，才能授职。兢兢业业干好自己的职司，三年后才能授品。”
徐小乐嘴巴圈了起来：“原来我是走了一条捷径呀。”
谭公超道：“你何止是走了捷径？简直是一步登天，省了人家六年光阴。我说的那还是在九边军镇，知道九边么？风沙漫天，遍地敌虏，要啥啥没有，简直是天下最苦的地方啦！
“所以啊，你现在已经迈过了第一道坎，有了冠带，还授了实职，接下去就指望授品了。要想授品，首先得能精通庶务。你也知道，医官其实行的是医政，治病救人反倒是其次。我这回全权交给你去做，正是给你熟悉医政的机会。”
徐小乐听谭公超说完，觉得信息量颇大，喃喃道：“我只是想有个大使的名头，不至于被病家小瞧……”
谭公超摇了摇头：“大使算什么？等你成了御医，就连天子都要高看你一眼呢。”
徐小乐嘿嘿笑了笑，道：“那我该干点什么？”
谭公超心中大笑：这孩子真是太可爱了！
“这就要从国家设置医政本意讲起啦。”谭公超一捋胡须，一本正经道。
大明在开国之前就很重视医政，建国后很快就成立了太医院、府县医学、惠民药局等垂直管辖的行政机构。按照太祖皇帝“官吏从学校出”的思路，太医院和府县医学都是行政和教学兼具的机构，里面的官员兼职教授，学生学习技艺，同时也是后备医官。
惠民药局是最基层的医政机构，直接面对贫困军民。按照太祖皇帝的敕令，但凡有人看不起病，吃不起药，就可以去惠民药局求助，药局会全部免费治疗和发放药物。
从这个机构的设置目的上就能看出来，徐小乐的任务就是看病、开药，不收钱。现在问题来了，医生为了声望愿意义务问诊，但是他不可能自掏腰包贴药进去也贴不起。那么药从哪里来？
“药从各地的药课来。”谭公超道：“各地征收夏税秋粮的时候，还有药课，收取当地特色药物，纳入内廷生药库。这些药物一部分用于皇室和京官的医治，另一部分会发放各府县药库。为了节约运力，也有就近直接纳入府县药库的。”
徐小乐哦了一声，连连点头，心中暗道：这事我都不知道，看来老百姓里不知道的更多啦。他转念一想，自己担任大使以来，义诊都放在长春堂，恐怕绝大部分来看病的贫困百姓分不清到底是徐小乐做善事，还是国家制度如此。
“咱们吴县的药库，就是从苏州府库里取药的。”谭公超道：“你眼下的工作，就是去府库验药、领药、入库，做成账目给我。”
徐小乐点了点头，听起来似乎不难。
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