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第一百一十四章 江西 中

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所谓辽饷,乃是建州叛乱爆后为镇压叛乱而加派的税赋。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com天籁小说.|2辽饷始于万历四十六年,在万历年间经过了三次加派,最终达到了九厘,而崇祯朝的一分二厘,则是崇祯四年才开始的。

满清入关之初,多尔衮曾大义凛然地指责明朝三饷:“前朝弊政厉民最甚者,莫如加派辽饷,以致民穷盗起,而复加剿饷,再为各边抽练,而后加练饷。惟此三饷,数倍正供,苦累小民,剔脂刮髓。”同时为争取民心,更是声称“自顺治元年为始,凡正额之外,一切加派,如辽饷、剿饷、练饷及召买米豆尽行蠲免。”

免除加派,于百姓总是好的,但事实上,这蠲免“三饷”的谕旨并未严格加以贯彻。

顺治六年,江西巡按王志佐曾在上疏中提及满清号称要彻底免除三饷加派,结果等江西布政使司衙门上报时,清廷的回答却改成了税赋按照万历朝旧例收取,所以万历朝的辽饷——那先后三次加派出来的九厘银就不免了,只免除天启和崇祯两朝的加派。

这件事情很清楚的说明了,为后人视为清初“德政”的减免晚明加派,实际上只是徒有虚名而已。

除此之外,多尔衮边外筑城加派九省额外钱粮两百五十余万两、顺治亲政命抵额粮,及顺治末一度加征练饷、明史学家顾诚在《南明史》中也指出“顺治十八年还食言自肥,恢复了明朝剿饷,加赋五百多万两。”

这样算来,清初号称是废除了三饷的加派,但事实上,辽饷的一分二厘,只是免除了三厘,改以九厘银为名继续征收,并明确写进了《赋役全书》,而其他加派更是换个名目多次执行。

“根据账册统计,江西一省,辽饷共计三十六万一千三十六两一钱四分四厘。”

辽饷的加派,这是明末必须要面对的问题。甲申巨变,大顺喊出了三年免征的口号,在攻入北京之初受到了很大的期待。清军入关,口号上也是废除三饷,拉拢民心。而弘光一朝,崇祯十七年的练饷不仅要征收,此后的辽饷也是绝不免除。

一出一进,民心上就失了大半,清军南下时的那般摧枯拉朽,岂曰无因?

弘光朝灭,满清换了个名目继续征收万历时期的辽饷,而明廷这边,税赋混乱非常,再兼军阀割据,行政、养兵、贪污,种种原因算下来,可以说这项加派在全国范围内也没有真正得到免除。

陈文杀入金华府之后,由于养兵的需要,并没有减免满清在金华府的税赋,九厘银始终存在。

浙东的粮食平均亩产在每亩地三到四石,按照当前粮价也就是三到四两银子,对于自耕农而言,这里面会被粮商盘剥走一部分,但是多出的三百到四百分之一辽饷加派,百姓还是活得下去的。例如明末三饷俱在时,南方的农民起义力量依旧小的可怜,正是因为南方自身的富庶导致了百姓即便是在官府的贪污和士绅的摊派下,也还是能够活得下去的。

在浙江的这几年,陈文虽然没有免除加派,但是对吏治的大力严肃,随着浙江的吏治在几次三番的清查后已经大幅度转好,不断的严查使得乱收费现象大幅度降低,普通百姓受到加派的影响随之大幅度降低。没有加派当然更好,但是至少现在也没出过官逼民反的事情,顶多就是官吏、士绅不满。

“荣参议的意思是彻底减免辽饷?”

减免赋税,陈文在浙江几乎每年都会做,针对的则是受灾的地区。在江西,今年的夏秋两税也已经免除,财政上的压力完全由浙江以及缴获和抄没诸如刘光弼、蔡士英这等必杀的满清官员的家产支撑。如果再行减免那继承自金华府的九厘辽饷,对于今天依旧紧张的财政来说也将是难以承受的。

“下官并非此意,以下官愚见,只要监察和处罚的力度够大,各府县官员不敢胡乱收费,百姓的压力不会太大。至于下官想要说的,却是另一件事情。”

“哦?”

“据下官所知,我大明官员的考成比例不等,但是税赋征收却很少有足额的。但是虏廷对考成极其严格,必须足额征收,而且还要追缴此前拖欠的税赋,比如金声恒反正期间的税赋,鞑子在镇压过后就进行了追缴。”

“原来如此。”

“下官建议,严禁各府县官吏借追缴为名盘剥百姓。”

追缴就是变相的加税,虽说两蹶名王及岔路口一战后,满清破天荒的展开了对一些受灾地区的减免赋税政策,但是从满清朝廷到地方官员,追缴却是从没有停歇过的。

陈文在浙江,此前也追缴过一些士绅拖欠的税赋,当时是在他们偷税漏税的情况下,设计两条路给了他们——要不签署协议,以后绝不偷税漏税,否则就以家产抵税;要不就追缴历年积欠,交不上来更是要免除功名,从此就跟优免无关了。

此法一出,虽说是反对声巨大,但是在陈文这个对士绅来说越来越恐怖的名字面前,基本上不是签署了协议,就是缴纳了积欠。说到底,明廷的优免政策还是他们绝不愿割舍的,那可是实实在在的免除几十米到几千亩不等田土的税赋,不是说着玩的。

“《江西邸报》的准备工作进行如何了?”

陈文并没有对荣虔的提议立刻做出答复,反倒是向另一个文官问起了另一件事情。

“回大王的话,基本已经准备就绪,最迟明天就可以定稿印刷了。”

《江西邸报》与《浙江邸报》一般无二,皆是宣教司下属的喉舌机关。确定了《江西邸报》很快就可以开始运转,陈文才转而对荣虔说道:“朝令夕改,不可。具体的先等调查组回来再说,政令也需在《江西邸报》上进行解释。”

“下官明白。”

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