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四、士族与寒门

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只听母亲叹息道:“若实在没办法,只好去求钱唐丁氏了,总不能让来福一家流落出去。”

钱唐丁氏便是宗之和润儿的母家,钱唐丁氏自以为是三等士族,看不起寒门庶族,当初把丁幼微嫁与陈庆之,一是因为陈庆之的父亲陈肃时任吴兴郡郡丞;二是陈庆之人品俊逸,才华不凡,吴兴郡太守兼大中正陆纳按九品中正制把陈庆之评为第七品——

九品中正制是魏文帝曹丕在尚书令陈群的建议下制定的选拔官吏的依据,其标准有三:家世、道德和才能,共分九品,第一品是圣人,因为在世之人没有谁敢自居第一品,所以第二品就是最高品,三品以下都是下品。

家世一般只论郡望和父祖官爵,钱唐陈氏祖籍颖川,郡望是很显赫,但自从避黄巾之乱迁居吴兴郡钱唐县以来,三代都只是下品官吏、无权无势,以至于在东晋谱谍排名中被排除在士族之外,只算是庶族小地主,两晋最重门阀家世,所以陈庆之虽然道德、才能都出类拔萃,但因为家世寒微,被评为第七品已经是极限。

当年推出九品中正制笼络士族的魏国尚书令陈群就出自颖川陈氏,没想到他的后辈子孙反倒被排除在士族之外,可叹!

因为吴兴郡太守陆纳的赏识,陈庆之名声大振,既然被评为乡品第七,以后做七品以下的官吏也是水到渠成的事,丁氏族长就是看中陈庆之这一点,又因为丁氏与陈氏都信奉天师道,所以一时心动才把钱唐有名的美人丁幼微嫁给陈庆之,毕竟庶族做到高官的虽然极少,但也不是没有,大司马陶侃也是出身寒门呢。

但丁氏家族很快就后悔了,高门士族与庶族寒门的婚姻是很丢脸的事,丁氏在钱唐县、吴兴郡名望大跌,可丁幼微已经嫁出去,覆水难收,无法挽回了,而且丁幼微与陈庆之伉俪情深,也劝不到她离婚。

不幸的是,陈庆之在三年前任职海虞县长之时扔下妻子儿女撒手尘寰,年仅二十六岁,丁氏族人当即把丁幼微接回钱唐,那年丁幼微才二十三岁,虽已是两个孩子的母亲,但美貌依旧,楚楚动人,丁氏族人想让丁幼微改嫁,想撇清陈氏这门婚姻——

魏晋以来,因为战乱,丁壮死亡极多,为了增加人口,礼法让位于国家生存,寡妇改嫁是很平常的事,不会受人诟病,皇室公主还改嫁呢,但丁幼微宁死不嫁,而丁氏一族想高攀别的士族又攀不上,低于他们的又不屑,所以丁幼微就一直在母家寡居,丁氏族人只同意每年四月让她见见儿女,不是回陈家坞,而是派人把宗之和润儿悄悄接到钱唐,在丁府住几日就送回。

……

陈母李氏问:“丑儿,月底要送宗之和润儿去县上与其母相聚,你要不要一道去?”

陈操之道:“孩儿当然要去,除了照顾宗之和润儿,孩儿也想长点见识。”

陈母李氏见陈操之答应得爽快,微感诧异,说道:“丑儿,你不担心丁家人轻视你?”前年陈操之去过一趟钱唐丁府,回来后很生气,说再也不去丁府了。

陈操之微笑道:“娘,我是带侄儿、侄女去看望嫂子的,只要嫂子对我们好就行,至于其他人的脸色,何必在意!”

陈母李氏大为宽慰:“我家丑儿真的长大了,洒脱似你兄长。”又轻叹一声:“唉,你那嫂子的确是好嫂子啊!可惜庆之命薄——”

陈操之道:“嫂子既不愿改嫁,我这次去就想办法把嫂子接回来,既可照顾宗之、润儿,也可与娘为伴,娘说这样可好?”

陈母李氏摇头道:“丁氏族人不肯放幼微回来的,丑儿你切勿与他们争执,咱们陈氏争不过他们丁氏的,你万万不可逞少年意气,听到没有?”

陈操之答应道:“孩儿知道了,孩儿不会让娘担心的。”心道:“在东晋混,这家世出身很重要啊,我记得有句话叫‘上品无寒门,下品无士族’,我陈操之现在是出身寒门,这不是让我处处低人几等吗?”

……

夜已深,陈操之睡不着,他在卧室左侧的书房浏览书卷,把马融注释的《论语》从头到尾读了一遍,现在置身千年前,对这部儒家经典别有一种奇妙领悟,他知道东晋有“贫学儒,贵学玄”的说法,儒是孔孟、玄是老庄,他现在是寒门庶人,自然要精通儒家一到两部经典,而且要在县、郡、甚至州上博取很好的名声,这样才可以被负责九品选拔制的大中正赏识,才能象兄长陈庆之那样进入九品之列,得到下品官职——

良好的声誉非常重要,如何在最短的时间内获得好名声呢?魏晋人不怎么欣赏那种循规蹈矩的老实人,《世说新语》里记载的都是旷达隽永、特立独行的名士风liu。

陈操之慢慢地研墨,然后执一管簪笔,在一方左伯纸上练习书法,东晋人对书法极其热爱,王羲之、谢安的书法为他们的人格增添了极大的魅力,可以说要想在东晋出人头地,写不出一手好字就免谈。

少年原先习惯左手执笔,临摹的是汉末三国的大书法家钟繇的最知名法贴《宣示表》,少年很勤奋,小楷颇得《宣示表》的形似。

陈操之前身也喜爱书法,最欣赏的书法家是欧阳询,大学期间他曾三年如一日每日早起临摹三遍欧阳询的《张翰思鲈贴》,略具其神韵,至于钟繇的《宣示表》他也临摹过,真迹那时已失传,流传下来的是王羲之临摹的刻本,而现在案上这卷摹本是兄长陈庆之在吴县陆纳府上珍藏的陆机临摹的《宣示表》基础上转摹的,这就好比道听途说,难免失真。

世传钟繇得到蔡邕的书法秘决后书法大进,而后传之于卫夫人,卫夫人传于王羲之,王羲之是东晋乃至后世千年名气最大的书法家,出身于琅琊王氏这样的顶级门阀,是超级大名士,因此,临摹钟繇的《宣示表》正可以溯本正源,深入领悟王羲之书法的精髓。

陈操之拿定主意,楷书就从钟繇《宣示表》入手,行书借鉴欧阳询的《张翰思鲈贴》和王羲之的《兰亭集序》——

还有,他想练就左右手皆可执笔书写的绝技,要想在东晋出名,就一定要出奇、出新,那么以后就左手练习楷体《宣示表》、右手练习行书《张翰思鲈贴》吧。

这个雨夜陈操之在想:“我有穿越者的前瞻优势,我能写清新可喜的散文,我的绘画技法领先当代,围棋有业余强三段的实力,而且我走遍了大半个中国,可谓见多识广,最重要的是我现在才十五岁,我可以进行针对性的学习,玄学、儒学、书法、音乐,我都可以学,不信学不精,当然,我不能皓首穷经一直学习下去,时不我待,出名要趁早啊。”

————————————

新书期间,求推荐票支持,谢谢。

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