第5章 黑水洋
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三月十六日这一天，葛存信、周普等人率船队返回津海。离开时，五千石船二艘、千石船六艘;此时靠港的船队包括三艘五千石巨舶、十艘千石巨舶。在这些天见惯载量为三五百石双桅海船的津海人的眼里，葛存信、周普率归的、由三桅、五桅大海船组成的船队无疑是极至壮观的，都纷纷拥到海塘上来观看，仿佛是难得一见的盛景。
“这便是林家的船队！”汤浩信站在海塘上，看着泊岸的船队，白胡须激动的一跳一跳，又屈指细算，诧异的问道，“从十六日离开津海返回崇州，往返六千余里，还要算上卸货、装货的时间，走一趟竟然不需要一个月？”
“认真说来，行了不止六千余里，”林缚笑道，“他们返程时，走的是外海，绕了个大圈子……”
“走的是黑水洋？”汤浩信愣怔了一下，他万万没有想到林缚为筹备这支船队并非一时之念！
林缚心想汤浩信还是有些见识的，虽然他在户部任上没有管过漕运，却还是知道黑水洋的存在。
相比较上次从崇州出发贴着海岸线走了一个半月多些时间才到沧南汇合，他们这次走长山岛外海域的黑水洋航线，前后只用了十三日，都不用三分之一的时间。
船行海上，除了借助风力外，也可借助海洋里有规律的洋流。
在长山岛东面的外海域就存在一股宽度达上百里的强劲洋流，仿佛一条在外海域腹地带奔腾不息的巨大河流，源源不断的由南往北流动。这股洋流之外的海水色湛蓝;洋流范围内的海水望过去却色泽黑蓝，有如黑水。早在六七百年前的文献里，海航者便称之为黑水洋……
黑水洋起源何处，世人还没有摸清楚，能找到的文献及有海航经验的老人能确认至少到南边的琉求岛附近都还不是黑水洋的起源地;以当世人对海洋的认识水平，对洋流的形成原因更是说不出一个道道来，但是不妨碍人们很早就利用黑水洋的流向规律行船。
在林缚的脑子里，黑水洋与他初中地理课上学到的黄海暖流是重合的，但是他不能十分的肯定，毕竟好些学过的东西都只有模糊的印象。
黄海在当世也不称为黄海，淮河口到崇州水下淤沙甚多，海水呈黄色，人们将这一段黄海称之为黄水洋。从淮河口到登州南的海域，海水呈青绿色，又称之为青水洋。
早在百余年前兴海漕时，就开辟了两条航路：
一条航路是黄水洋内海航线，北上船舶贴着曲折的海岸线借风力北上，沿途水浅滩淤，顺风疾行、逆风缓行、无风时停泊，船速缓慢。
三月间季风向不稳定，走这条航线从崇州到津海，跑上两个月也不奇怪。
另一条航路就是黑水洋外海航线，从崇州出海，直接往东驶入外海域的黑水洋里，借洋流的强大推动力北上。黑水洋进入渤海之后，贴着辽东半岛的西岸北上，直达渤海最北侧的海岸线受阻再回旋，贴着西岸也就河间府沿岸的南流，在渤海内形成完整的渤海环流。
黑水洋海路，特别是在进入渤海之前，是处于黄水洋的外海域，风急浪大。抗风浪性质差、结构强度低的中小型海船走黑水洋海路，就较为凶险，稍大些的风浪就可能使船舶解体、货损人亡。
除了百十年前兴海漕时，曾有船队大规模走黑水洋海路北上外，之后还走黑水洋的海船就少之有少。
除了走黑水洋的风险更大之外，主要原因还是内河漕运兴起之后，南北方之间通过海路的贸易需求大为减弱，大型海商船就缺乏生存的空间。倒是沿海短程的海路贸易方兴未艾，比如说河间府沿岸、山东半岛沿岸、淮河口到崇州，崇州到钱江口。这种短程海运需求却没有必要走黑水洋外海航线。
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