第565章 出关
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出了广顺关一路下去．可以看到一些残频断壁．似乎很久以前这里有些村庄．风吹过时．偶尔还会从那残垣断壁间刮出一些草灰。
夏异微微掩住口鼻．说道：“这儿还有人居住吗？怎么会有燃烧的灰烬？”
萧兵备道：“部堂．这是去年秋冬时节烧荒起的灰烬．大地上草木复苏．已然灰烬掩盖，刮到这旧日村落中的草灰，有时还会随风刮出来．过了这一段就好了。”
少御使兴致勃勃地道：“为了防止然子侵扰．秋冬之际．遣士兵出关烧荒．使得囊子不能近我边境放牧．便减少了许多事端．这是一些地方镇守想出的法子．下官觉得这个法子很好．正打算就秋冬烧荒以隔绝敖虏的法子上奏朝廷．请朝廷立为定例，九边诸镇一律遵行，部堂以为如何？”
夏诗心道：“原来秋冬时节边军烧荒就起于这个时代．如今还未形成定例了”
前世的时候．夏诗也看过几本穿越小说．其中有写到明代边军的．大多都提到过这件事．夏诗心里理所当然地便认为这是一个有效对付敖虏的办法．所以未及深思便要点头．一旁萧兵备已晒然笑道：“少御使，这是书生之见了．以我看乘，这个法子是饮鸩止渴．弊大于利！”
夏诗立即闭口．侧耳倾听起来。
少云峰不服气地道：“萧兵备此话怎讲？”
萧兵备道：“我大明立国初时．蒙元女真．均有不少部族归附我朝．当时．太祖高皇帝说：．凡治胡虏当顺其性：胡人所居习于苦寒．今迁之内地，必驱而南，去寒凉而即炎热．失其本性反易为乱：不若顺而抚之．使其就归边地，择水草孽牧了彼得遂其生．自然安矣：，
然而．遗胡残虏遍及原野．去而复乘，既离复合，归附者与未附者错综居住．实是难以管理．太祖皇帝便随机而变．下令将塞外夷民．尽皆迁入内地。可是．一方面元人北撤．一方面边民内迁．便造成了辽东大片地区空如旷野．荒无人烟：
到后来．辽东已无民可管，干脆连地方官都撤销了．全部代之以卫所．辽东也就愈发地穷困了，太祖高皇帝后来也发现这个法子虽能一时隔绝敌我．长远看来．却是弊端重重．所以已经有意改变主张．从洪武二十六年开始，太祖高皇帝下旨．陆续从山西等处迁民户充实宣府左右卫、万全右卫、怀安卫．让他们分田立市．开辟荒野。可惜．太祖皇帝驾崩之后，这条遗策便没有坚持下来。”
萧兵备叹息两声，指着漫无人际的荒野对夏绮道：“部堂大人请看．为了防止为秣鞋所乘．我朝限制军民到边界之外去耕牧．许多耕地草场．便只好荒废。秋冬出塞烧荒．更是荒唐．野草烧尽，所隔绝者．不过是欲巍牧民．纵使轻骑远去烧荒．烧荒地带也不过一二百里．什么时候真正起过阻挡炭子侵扰的作用了？烧荒烧荒，烧得自己眼皮子底下越来越荒．敌人没有挡住．反让自己这边一片谓蔽荒凉。”
萧兵备沉默片庶．又道：“洪武初年，萧某便戍守辽东．积资累历．如今才升至开原兵备道．这几十年时光，萧某都是在辽东度过的了部堂大人．下官还记得方出塞时情景．那时这里屯田连络．监牧相属．虽因那些年的战乱暂时有些荒凉．可是看那光景，用不了两年，便又是良田万顷．人丁兴旺．村寨相连了。
可惜．元人往北撤．明人往南迁．留下的一些民户本就极少了．又不许他们缘边耕牧．秋冬时节还要烧荒…．”迁民、烧荒、限制耕牧．大片的沃土草滩就这么荒废了：辽东变得一片荒芜．固然不能资敌．却也不能资己之军国大用。长远看来．乃是大大的失策。
而且．如此一乘，当我明军出塞征讨时，也少有耳目向导，又无居民协助：胡虏没有城廓居止，其地空旷。千里行军．劳师动众．便难以真正撼其根本。再者．大军远征．粮饷全靠内地百姓驮角馈运，耗资巨大．以朝廷之富有．怕也难堪其负。”
夏诗听得暗暗点头．萧兵备别出心裁，这个论调仔细品味．却未尝没有道理。一般的战争．是杀人一千．自损八百．而对整个辽东的坚壁清野．最终造成的却是壮大敌人．削弱了自己。
蒙古人现在被赶回了草原上．失掉了许多生活用品的生产手段和来源；又由于与明朝处于对立地位．贸易关系不能正常地发展，由于他们愈加穷困．战争成本远远小于明国．为了满足物质生活的需要．定期抢掠就成了他们生活的一部分了
如果说以前蒙古人尚有恢复中原的能力和企图的话．现在他们入侵则多是部落自发行为．目的仅仅是为了满足其经济需要。当然．这种情形是因时而变的．当战争成了常态．大明内部又出了重大问题的时候．劫掠就可能变成侵略．变成了统治权的争夺。
可是辽东如果能够变得富庶．边贸能够变得发达．这和情况就会改变许多了我们不能排除野心家、战争狂的存在．可是错误的措施．却只能给自己增加不必要的敌人。
这还只是外面．对辽东内部也是一样。辽东自明初就掌握在明人手里．现在这儿的居民中，蒙古女真等部族人口不足总人口的四分之一．他们在这儿现在是名符其实的少数民族．汉人数量在这里是占绝大多数的．后来大明还向更北方发展势力．建立了奴儿干都司。
可是这么一大片广袤的土地．始终没有真正牢牢掌握在大明手中过．历经两百多年的发展之后，曾经是这里人口最多的汉人渐渐不见了踪影．最后被女真人做了这里真正的主人，原因何在？
因为这儿除了铁打的营盘流水的兵．始终没有多少汉人民户，汉人始终不曾在这儿真正地扎下根乘。否则，两百多年的发展．占绝对多数的汉人．早就把这儿的各族百姓同化了．哪还会两百年仍旧是泾渭分明．彼此关系甚至越搞越恶劣：
尽管朝廷在北部边防上不遗余力．但是这个根本问题不解决．边患是不可能解除的．总有一天，这边患也就成了心腹大患！
夏萍想着．愈发坚定了此去哈达城的目的。
求月票！推荐票！
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