廉颇蔺相如列传
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廉颇者，赵之良将也。龙腾小说ltxs520.com赵惠文王十六年，廉颇为赵将，伐齐，大破之，取阳晋，拜为上卿，以勇气闻于诸侯。蔺相如者，赵人也，为赵宦者令缪贤舍人。
赵惠文王时得楚“和氏璧”，秦昭王闻之，使人遗赵王书，愿以十五城请易璧。赵王与大将军廉颇诸大臣谋，欲予秦，秦城恐不可得，徒见欺；欲勿予，即患秦兵之来。计未定，求人可使报秦者，未得。宦者令缪贤曰：“臣舍人蔺相如可使。”王问：“何以知之？”对曰：“臣尝有罪，窃计欲亡走燕，臣舍人相如止臣，曰：『君何以知燕王？』臣语曰：『臣尝从大王与燕王会境上，燕王私握臣手，曰：“愿结友。”以此知之，故欲往。』相如谓臣曰：『夫赵强而燕弱，而君幸于赵王，故燕王欲结于君。今君乃亡赵走燕，燕畏赵，其势必不敢留君而束君归赵矣。君不如肉袒伏斧质请罪，则幸得脱矣。』臣从其计，大王亦幸赦臣。臣窃以为其人勇士，有智谋，宜可使。”于是王召见，问蔺相如曰：“秦王以十五城请易寡人之璧，可予不？”相如曰：“秦强而赵弱，不可不许。”王曰：“取吾璧不予我城，奈何？”相如曰：“秦以城求璧而赵不许，曲在赵；赵予璧而秦不予赵城，曲在秦。均之二策，宁许以负秦曲。”王曰：“谁可使者？”相如曰：“王必无人，臣愿奉璧往使，城入赵而璧留秦；城不入，臣请完璧归赵。”赵王于是遂遣相如奉璧西入秦。
秦王坐章台见相如，相如奉璧奏秦王，秦王大喜，传以示美人及左右，左右皆呼万岁。相如视秦王无意偿赵城，乃前曰：“璧有瑕，请指示王。”王授璧，相如因持璧却立倚柱，怒发上冲冠，谓秦王曰：“大王欲得璧，使人发书至赵王，赵王悉召群臣议，皆曰：『秦贪，负其强，以空言求璧，偿城恐不可得。』议不欲予秦璧，臣以为布衣之交尚不相欺，况大国乎？且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢，不可。于是赵王乃斋戒五日，使臣奉璧，拜送书于庭。何者？严大国之威以修敬也。今臣至，大王见臣列观，礼节甚倨；得璧，传之美人以戏弄臣。臣观大王无意偿赵王城邑，故臣复取璧。大王必欲急臣，臣头今与璧俱碎于柱矣。”相如持其璧睨柱，欲以击柱。秦王恐其破璧，乃辞谢固请，召有司案图，指从此以往十五都予赵。相如度秦王特以诈佯为予赵城，实不可得，乃谓秦王曰：“和氏璧，天下所共传宝也；赵王恐，不敢不献。赵王送璧时，斋戒五日，今大王亦宜斋戒五日，设九宾于廷，臣乃敢上璧。”秦王度之终不可强夺，遂许斋五日，舍相如广成传舍。
相如度秦王虽斋，决负约不偿城，乃使其从者衣褐，怀其璧，从径道亡。归璧于赵。
秦王斋五日后，乃设九宾礼于庭，引赵使者蔺相如。相如至，谓秦王曰：“秦自缪公以来二十余君，未尝有坚明约束者也。臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵，故令人持璧归，间至赵矣。且秦强而赵弱，大王遣一介之使至赵，赵立奉璧来；今以秦之强而先割十五都予赵，赵岂敢留璧而得罪于大王乎？臣知欺大王之罪当诛，臣请就汤镬，唯大王与群臣熟计议之！”秦王与群臣相视而嘻，左右或欲引相如去；秦王因曰：“今杀相如，终不得璧也，而绝秦赵之欢；不如因而厚遇之，使归赵。赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦邪？”卒廷见相如，毕礼而归之。
相如既归，赵王以为贤大夫，使不辱于诸侯，拜相如为上大夫。秦亦不以城予赵，赵亦终不予秦璧。
其后秦伐赵，拔石城；明年，复攻赵，杀二万人。秦王使使者告赵王，欲与王为好会于西河外渑池。赵王畏秦，欲毋行。廉颇蔺相如计曰：“王不行；示赵弱且怯也。”赵王遂行，相如从。廉颇送至境，与王诀曰：“王行，度道里会遇之礼毕，还，不过三十日；三十日不还，则请太子为王，以绝秦望。”王许之，遂与秦王会渑池。
秦王饮酒，酣，曰：“寡人窃闻赵王好音，请奏瑟。”赵王鼓瑟，秦御史前书曰：“某年月日，秦王与赵王会饮，令赵王鼓瑟。”蔺相如前曰：“赵王窃闻秦王善为秦声，请奉盆缶秦王，以相娱乐。”秦王怒，不许。于是相如前进缶，因跪请秦王，秦王不肯击缶。相如曰：“五步之内，相如请得以颈血溅大王矣。”左右欲刃相如，相如张目叱之，左右皆靡。于是秦王不怿，为一击缶；相如顾召赵御史书曰：“某年月日，秦王为赵王击缶。”秦之群臣曰：“请以赵十五城为秦王寿。”蔺相如亦曰：“请以秦之咸阳为赵王寿。”秦王竟酒，终不能加胜于赵，赵亦盛设兵以待秦，秦不敢动。
既罢，归国，以相如功大，拜为上卿，位在廉颇之右。廉颇曰：“我为赵将，有攻城野战之大功，而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳，而位居我上；且相如素贱人，吾羞不忍为之下。”宣言曰：“我见相如，必辱之。”相如闻，不肯与会，相如每朝时，常称病，不欲与廉颇争列。已而，相如出，望见廉颇，相如引车避匿，于是舍人相与谏曰：“臣所以去亲戚而事君者，徒慕君之高义也。今君与廉颇同列，廉君宣恶言，而君畏匿之，恐惧殊甚，且庸人尚羞之，况于将相乎？臣等不肖，请辞去。”蔺相如固止之，曰：“公之视廉将军孰与秦王？”曰：“不若也。”相如曰：“夫以秦王之威，而相如廷叱之，辱其群臣，相如虽驽，独畏廉将军哉！顾吾念之，强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者，徒以吾两人在也。今两虎共斗，其势不俱生。吾所以为此者，以先国家之急而后私雠也。”廉颇闻之。肉袒负荆，因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪，曰：“鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也。”卒相与欢，为刎颈之交。
太史公曰：知死必勇，非死者难也，处死者难。方蔺相如引璧睨柱，及叱秦王左右，势不过诛；然士或怯懦而不敢发。相如一奋其气，威信敌国，退而让颇，名重太山，其处智勇，可谓兼之矣。
【校注】此篇不见于原本《古文观止》。校以《四部备要》重刊殿本《史记》卷八十一。
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