论贵粟疏
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圣王在上，而民不冻饥者，非能耕而食之，织而衣之也，为开其资财之道也。更多小说ltxs520.com故尧禹有九年之水，汤有七年之旱，而国无捐瘠者，以畜积多，而备先具也。今海内为一，土地人民之众，不避汤禹，加以亡天灾数年之水旱，而畜积未及者，何也？地有遗利，民有余力，生谷之土未尽垦，山泽之利未尽出也，游食之民未尽归农也。
民贫则奸邪生。贫生于不足，不足生于不农，不农则不地著；不地著则离乡轻家，民如鸟兽，虽有高城深池，严法重刑，犹不能禁也。夫寒之于衣，不待轻暖；饥之于食，不待甘脂；饥寒至身，不顾廉耻。人情一日不再食则饥，终岁不制衣则寒。夫腹饥不得食，肤寒不得衣，虽慈母不能保其子，君安能以有其民哉？明主知其然也，故务民于农桑，薄赋敛，广畜积，以实仓廪，备水旱，故民可得而有也。
民者，在上所以牧之；趋利如水走下，四方亡择也。夫珠玉金银，饥不可食，寒不可衣，然而众贵之者，以上用之故也。其为物轻微易藏，在于把握，可以周海内而亡饥寒之患。此令臣轻背其主，而民易去其乡，盗贼有所劝，亡逃者得轻资也。粟米布帛生于地，长于时，聚于力，非可一日成也。数石之重，中人弗胜，不为奸邪所利，一日弗得而饥寒至。是故明君贵五谷而贱金玉。
今农夫五口之家，其服役者，不下二人；其能耕者，不过百亩；百亩之收，不过百石。春耕，夏耘，秋获，冬藏，伐薪樵，治官府，给徭役，春不得避风尘，夏不得避暑热，秋不得避阴雨，冬不得避寒冻：四时之间，亡日休息。又私自送往迎来，吊死问疾，养孤长幼在其中。勤苦如此，尚复被水旱之灾，急政暴赋，赋敛不时，朝令而暮当具。有者，半贾而卖；亡者，取倍称之息；于是有卖田宅，鬻子孙，以偿债者矣！而商贾大者积贮倍息，小者坐列贩卖，操其奇赢，日游都市，乘上之急，所卖必倍。故其男不耕耘，女不蚕织；衣必文采，食必粱肉；亡农夫之苦，有阡陌之得。因其富厚，交通王侯，力过吏势；以利相倾，千里游敖，冠盖相望，乘坚策肥，履丝曳缟。此商人所以兼并农人，农人所以流亡者也。
今法律贱商人，商人已富贵矣；尊农夫，农夫已贫贱矣。故俗之所贵，主之所贱也；吏之所卑，法之所尊也。上下相反，好恶乖迕，而欲国富法立，不可得也。
方今之务，莫若使民务农而已矣。欲民务农，在于贵粟。贵粟之道，在于使民以粟为赏罚。今募天下入粟县官，得以拜爵，得以除罪；如此，富人有爵，农民有钱，粟有所渫。夫能入粟以受爵，皆有余者也。取于有余，以供上用，则贫民之赋可损；所谓损有余，补不足，令出而民利者也。顺于民心，所补者三：一曰主用足；二曰民赋少；三曰劝农功。
今令民有车骑马一匹者，复卒三人。车骑者，天下武备也，故为复卒。神农之教曰：“有石城十仞，汤池百步，带甲百万，而亡粟，弗能守也。”以是观之，粟者，王者大用，政之本务。令民入粟受爵，至五大夫以上，乃复一人耳，此其与骑马之功相去远矣。
爵者，上之所擅，出于口而亡穷；粟者，民之所种，生于地而不乏。夫得高爵与免罪，人之所甚欲也。使天下人入粟于边，以受爵免罪，不过三岁，塞下之粟必多矣。
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