原 道
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博爱之谓仁，行而宜之之谓义，由是而之焉之谓道，足乎己无待于外之谓德。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com仁与义为定名，道与德为虚位。故道有君子小人，而德有凶有吉。老子之小仁义，非毁之也，其见者小也。坐井而观天，曰天小者，非天小也。彼以煦煦为仁，孑孑为义，其小之也则宜。其所谓道，道其所道，非吾所谓道也；其所谓德，德其所德，非吾所谓德也。凡吾所谓道德云者，合仁与义言之也，天下之公言也。老子之所谓道德云者，去仁与义言之也，一人之私言也。
周道衰，孔子没。火于秦，黄老于汉，佛于晋、魏、梁、隋之间。其言道德仁义者，不入于杨，则入于墨；不入于老，则入于佛。入于彼，必出于此。入者主之，出者奴之；入者附之，出者污之。噫！后之人其欲闻仁义道德之说，孰从而听之？老者曰：“孔子，吾师之弟子也。”佛者曰：“孔子，吾师之弟子也。”为孔子者，习闻其说，乐其诞而自小也，亦曰：“吾师亦尝师之云尔。”不惟举之于其口，而又笔之于其书。噫！后之人，虽欲闻仁义道德之说，其孰从而求之？甚矣！人之好怪也，不求其端，不讯其末，惟怪之欲闻。
古之为民者四，今之为民者六；古之教者处其一，今之教者处其三。农之家一，而食粟之家六；工之家一，而用器之家六；贾之家一，而资焉之家六。奈之何民不穷且盗也！
古之时，人之害多矣。有圣人者立，然后教之以相生养之道。为之君，为之师，驱其虫蛇禽兽，而处之中土。寒，然后为之衣；饥，然后为之食。木处而颠，土处而病也，然后为之宫室。为之工，以赡其器用；为之贾，以通其有无；为之医药，以济其夭死；为之葬埋祭祀，以长其恩爱；为之礼，以次其先后；为之乐，以宣其湮郁；为之政，以率其怠倦；为之刑，以锄其强梗。相欺也，为之符玺斗斛权衡以信之。相夺也，为之城郭甲兵以守之。害至而为之备，患生而为之防。今其言曰：“圣人不死，大盗不止。剖斗折衡，而民不争。”呜呼！其亦不思而已矣！如古之无圣人，人之类灭久矣。何也？无羽毛鳞介以居寒热也，无爪牙以争食也。是故君者，出令者也；臣者，行君之令而致之民者也；民者，出粟米麻丝，作器皿，通货财，以事其上者也。君不出令，则失其所以为君；臣不行君之令而致之民，则失其所以为臣；民不出粟米麻丝，作器皿，通货财，以事其上，则诛。今其法曰：“必弃而君臣，去而父子，禁而相生养之道。”以求其所谓清净寂灭者。呜呼！其亦幸而出于三代之后，不见黜于禹、汤、文、武、周公、孔子也；其亦不幸而不出于三代之前，不见正于禹、汤、文、武、周公、孔子也。
帝之与王，其号名殊，其所以为圣一也。夏葛而冬裘，渴饮而饥食，其事虽殊，所以为智一也。今其言曰：“曷不为太古之无事？”是亦责冬之裘者曰：“曷不为葛之之易也？”责饥之食者曰：“曷不为饮之之易也。”传曰：“古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国。欲治其国者，先齐其家。欲齐其家者，先修其身。欲修其身者，先正其心。欲正其心者，先诚其意。”然则古之所谓正心而诚意者，将以有为也。今也欲治其心，而外天下国家，灭其天常；子焉而不父其父，臣焉而不君其君，民焉而不事其事。孔子之作春秋也，诸侯用夷礼，则夷之；进于中国，则中国之。经曰：“夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之亡！”诗曰：“戎狄是膺，荆舒是惩。”今也举夷狄之法，而加之先王之教之上，几何其不胥而为夷也！
夫所谓先王之教者，何也？博爱之谓仁，行而宜之之谓义，由是而之焉之谓道，足乎己无待于外之谓德。其文，诗书易春秋；其法，礼乐刑政；其民，士农工贾；其位，君臣父子师友宾主昆弟夫妇；其服，麻丝；其居，宫室；其食，粟米果蔬鱼肉。其为道易明，而其为教易行也。是故以之为己，则顺而祥；以之为人，则爱而公；以之为心，则和而平；以之为天下国家，无所处而不当。是故生则得其情，死则尽其常；郊焉而天神假，庙焉而人鬼享。曰：“斯道也，何道也？”曰：“斯吾所谓道也，非向所谓老与佛之道也。”尧以是传之舜，舜以是传之禹，禹以是传之汤，汤以是传之文武周公，文武周公传之孔子，孔子传之孟轲。轲之死，不得其传焉。荀与扬也，择焉而不精，语焉而不详。由周公而上，上而为君，故其事行；由周公而下，下而为臣，故其说长。
然则如之何而可也？曰：“不塞不流，不止不行。人其人，火其书，庐其居，明先王之道以道之，鳏寡孤独废疾者，有养也，其亦庶乎其可也。”
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