第384章 【大兴马政】
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那些世家大族里面,尤其是靠近边境和太行的郡县里,有很多跟外族、山贼勾结狼狈为奸的世家大族,他们家里都蓄养了数百乃至数千名骑兵,这些家族因为有跟这些贼寇勾结,心术不正也表露在外,他们在地方上素有恶名,主公若是腾出手来,可以先行收拾这些家族,收拾了十几个这样的家族,便可聚拢起上万匹战马。”田畴对那些跟异族勾结的家族甚为讨厌,但他的北平田家只是一个中等家族,对那些家族亦无可奈何,之前的幽州牧刘虞是一个厚道君子,向来不喜欢动武,田畴只能寄期望于魏延了。
“我说那些异族劫掠幽州并州冀州来去自如,原来在那些世家大族里面有内应,这些混蛋家族,我必定铲除之,不过这也不能操之过急,要徐徐图之。”魏延自从铲除了一些反对世家,就发现那些世家大族便如同悬挂在他面前的一块块肥肉,若是把这些家族给干掉完,魏延一二十年间都不必为钱财发愁。
“另外便是西凉骑兵,马腾韩遂等人控制的天水、安定、武威等地都是天然牧场,盛产良马,所以他们一个骑士有两三匹战马可以换乘,主公如果腾出手对付他们,必定能够得到很多战马。”田畴对魏延了解越深,对魏延的信心越大。
“主公,除了买马和从敌人那里俘获马匹,主公其实也可以通过精细养马来获取更多更好的马匹。”田畴又说道:“主公完全可以把乌骓马这样的好马跟其他的好马一起搭配在一起,让它们配出更好的下一代。”
“子泰,多亏你提醒,否则我就忘了这一茬了。”魏延依稀记得,后世的军马场采用优生优育的选育之法,用了二十多年,就把满清时期那种毛驴一般的小矮马给淘汰掉了,剩下的都是高头大马。
魏延笑道:“子泰,像鲜卑、乌桓、匈奴、羌胡那样的养马方式,其实是粗放养,其实是三不管,根本培育不出好的战马来。”
“主公,您说的太对了。其实吧,不管什么牲畜,都是好的跟好的配,一般能配出更好的,最起码也维持在原来的水平,若是把好的跟差得配在一起,只会渐渐流于平庸。”田畴瞪大眼睛:“培育?这个词甚是新鲜,不知这是何意?”
“培育,顾名思义,便是好好培养让它好好发育,是优生优育的选育方法。”
“优生优育?选育?”田畴没想到魏延对这一点儿也有研究:“请主公示下。”
“哈哈,就是严格控制马匹的生育,从这么多马匹里选出最好的一批,进行互配,用他们所生的下一代公马给其它母马配种,所生小公马除了特别优秀的留做公马外,一律阉割,母马中选取好马继续留下做种,就这样建立核心马群,日后所有的战马都从核心马群中配出,如此三四代后,便可配出最好的马。当然特别优秀的好马宝驹还要回补核心群,加强核心群优势。一旦培育出最完美的品种后,就不再杂交,要开始保持核心马群的纯良血统,而新培育的马匹核心群是新组织的,并不会污染核心群本来的优良血统。”
说到这里,魏延强调道:“牲畜这个东西,人不努力培育是不行的,只要努力选育,就会回报给你看。”就拿鼎鼎大名的蒙古马来说,和俄国后来培育的顿河马来比,差老远了,耐力、个头、负重都不如甚多。
“没想到主公你对培育良马也有经验,我只是模糊的感觉,没想到主公已经有了清晰的计划。”田畴笑道:“那就以主公之言,优生优育选育法。”
魏延心目中有种好的混血战马,便是后世俄国哥萨克骑兵乘骑的顿河马,是蒙古马、阿拉伯马等混合血统为基础,如此培育出来的顿河马吃苦耐劳,易于饲养,能够在冰冻的顿河干旱草原中生活,脾气很好,适应性强,体形健壮,高大,耐力持久适应性非常强,反应机敏,对主人忠贞不二,综合了蒙古马和阿拉伯马的长处,是最实用的骑兵用马。
等日后远洋舰队打造完成以后,魏延就会派人前去波斯湾购买阿拉伯马,再派一支船队从苦叶岛上岸,绕过鲜卑人,深入鲜卑草原极北之地,向当地的丁零人购买正宗的蒙古马。
当然现在条件不容许,便只能用一般的河曲马和一般的匈奴马来相互培育。
从这一年开始,田畴在魏延的指示下,开始了优中选优的培育,最后得到的马匹兼具了河曲马和蒙古马的大部分优点,体质粗糙结实,体格较高,平均体高五丈左右,抗寒,持久力和适应力强,能持久耐劳,挽力强,因为是在并州太行山区培育的,便叫做太行马,这种马的较大缺陷就是冲击速度较慢,要等阿拉伯马的到来方才能将这个缺陷给改良掉。
魏延也实现了对老朋友乌骓马的许诺,接连给它找了好几匹外形结实漂亮的马,让它享受,当然那些马算是千里挑一的好马,经过乌骓马这个种马的良好基因的影响,生下的小马驹虽然不如它们老子乌骓马那么神骏,也都是千里马。
……
西汉开国时,一直受到北部匈奴的威胁,从汉高祖到汉武帝一直都在大兴马政。
汉高祖时,丞相萧何作汉律九章,创加厩律,制定了有关养马的法律。汉文帝即位后,曾因养马费粮,一度限制马匹的发展,晁错发现后,马上建议“令民有车骑马者,复卒三人”,鼓励民间养马。汉文帝接受他的建议,下令用免役的办法促使民间养马,史称“马复令”,民间养马之风再兴。汉景帝在秦边郡牧马苑的基础上,“益造苑马以广用”,在边地六郡设置了三十六个马场,养了三十多万匹战马。有这么多战马,汉武帝才能大起骑兵,以骑兵破骑兵,在名将卫青、霍去病的统帅下,大破匈奴骑兵。
怎奈到了东汉末年,朝廷腐败,马政荒废,那些为朝廷养马的边地六郡多不在朝廷治下,魏延想要重整汉武帝昔日的雄风,就必须要重新捡起马政,大兴马政。
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