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第112节:致其他人(13)

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王小波李银河敬上

96年2月17日

致高王凌

高王凌:

看了你在《知识分子》上发的文章,觉得很有启发。更多小说ltxs520.com

我相信你观点可以概括如下:

1.在传统社会中的中国经济是一种为大多数人求温饱的存活经济。从它与环境、生产方式、思想文化的适应等方面来看,这种经济是相当成熟而且完备的。

2.存活经济的生命力。如你指出,清代的经济不存在穷途末路的问题。在人口的压力下(或曰生存的压力下),这种经济也能继续变革,以延长其寿命。

3.存活经济内产生的异己力量遭到政治权力的扼杀,如对工商业限制等。

这些观点我都是同意的。有一些现象可以作为佐证:

1.马克思说,资本是胆大包天的东西,而在传统社会中国工商业者手中,资本是胆小如鼠的东西。北京城里百年字号很多,要是在美国,百年字号一定会大得不得了,中国商人一般没有把生意做大的胆子。可见传统工商业的味道和资本主义工商业不一样,要放到存活经济的背景下解释。

2.积累。在中国积累不可能转变为资本,因为都是生活资料的储备(如你所言)。

3.回到第一个问题,在中国人一般不敢把生意越做越大,但是敢把地越买越多。买地和存粮食还是一个味道。

但是如果我全盘同意你的观点,就不会写这封信了。因为我不是搞历史的,对历史提出的问题全不是关于历史本身,而是价值判断。

1.存活经济照我看来是很恐怖的现象。在中国历史上,一切政治危机要么很无聊(立太子册王妃之类),要么很要命。……换言之,存活经济不能感到任何问题的存在,一旦遇到问题就是活不活的问题。你是不是觉得很糟糕?

2.对付不了外族侵略。

3.我们还是把存活经济看成存活文明比较妥当。在我看来,这个文明给绝大多数的人的只有一个生存机会,别的一概没有,未免太少了。从历史上看,其它文明在中世纪连生存机会都不是普遍提供的,比较起来劣于我们的文明。在近代之后,我们文明的恶劣之处就明显了。我这种批评是基于人文主义立场,与历史无关。

总而言之,我的疑难都不是对你的研究本身提出的,对于你的研究我执赞美态度——当然是外行人的赞美态度。我的问题是这样的:对传统的继承问题早已超出历史的范畴,而成为知识界普遍关心的问题。而当我们做价值判断时,需要一种超出专业的立场,与方法论无关的立场,在这方面我想咱们是一致的。那就是放眼未来之时,对于后世的人们寄予美好的希望,希望他们得到更多的生存与发展的机会。

所以我的态度是:同意你对存活文明的描述,不同意你对存活文明的评价。从方法上看,今日做事的人或不应该把传统与现代分割;从立场上来看,此种分割必不可少。经济学者应对现代中国的存活经济背景有一深刻了解,而一般的文人则应对社会中弥漫的”存活意识”,以滚水烫猪毛的气概,狠狠烫它一烫。

此种议论无非是胡扯八道而已,以博我兄之一笑。

王小波

11月10日

致柯云路

柯云路先生,您好:

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