第四百三十三章 秦始皇驱儒
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秦始皇宣布，咸阳城独尊法制，凡儒生者，三日之内，必须离开咸阳城，否则缉拿下狱，概不例外。
消息一出，天下哗然。
秦始皇颁布的，等若将儒法之争推向高峰。
天下儒生，气愤不已。
由，就不得不让人联想到历史上赫赫有名的“焚书坑儒”。先需要说明的是，焚书和坑儒，是生在不同时间点的两件事。
一切，还得从秦始皇一统六国说起。
一统天下之后，秦始皇在政治、经济上实行的改革，并不是一帆风顺的。还在统一之初，就在要不要分封诸子为王的问题上生了一场争论。
以丞相王绾为的一批官吏，请求秦始皇将诸子，分封于占领不久的燕、齐、楚故地为王，认为这样有利于巩固秦的统治。
但廷尉李斯则坚持反对，认为春秋战国诸侯之所以纷争，完全是西周分封制造成的恶果。只有废除分封制，才可免除祸乱。
秦始皇采纳了李斯的意见，认为立封国，就是树敌兵。
于是在全国确立了郡县制。
时隔八年之后，到始皇三十四年，在秦始皇于咸阳宫举行的宫廷大宴上，又生了一场关于师古还是师今的争论。
焚书之举正是由此引的。
在宴会上，仆射周青臣面腴秦始皇，吹捧秦始皇，自上古不及陛下威德。博士淳于越针对周青臣的腴词，提出了恢复分封制的主张。
淳于越说：“臣闻殷周之王千余岁，封子弟功臣，自为辅枝。今陛下有海内，而子弟为匹夫，卒有田常、六卿之臣，无辅拂，何以相救哉？事不师古而能长久者，非所闻也。今青臣又面腴，以重陛下之过，非忠臣。”
秦始皇听后不动声色，把淳于越的建议交给群臣讨论。
丞相李斯明确表示，不同意淳于越的观点，反驳道：“三代之争，何可法也。儒生不师今而学古，道古以害今，如不加以禁止，则主势降乎上，党与成乎下，统一可能遭到破坏。”
秦始皇采纳李斯的建议，下令焚烧以外的列国史记，对民间医药卜筮之书以及不属于博士馆的私藏、等也限期交出烧毁。
有敢谈论、的处死，以古非今的灭族；禁止私学，想学法令的人，要以官吏为师。
此即为“焚书”。
在焚书的第二年，又生了坑儒事件。
坑儒不是焚书的直接继续，而是由于一些方士、儒生诽谤秦始皇引起的。秦始皇在攫取到巨大权力和享受到荣华富贵之后，十分怕死。在统一天下之后，他异想天开地要寻求长生不死药。
方士侯生、卢生等人迎合其需要，答应为秦始皇找到这种药。按照秦律谎言不能兑现，或者所献之药无效验者，要处以死刑。
侯生、卢生自知弄不到长生不死药，不但逃之夭夭，而且诽谤秦始皇天性刚愎自用，专任狱吏，事情无论大小，都由他一人决断，贪于权势等等。
方士还言，长生非秦始皇所能修成，长生也非是小小丹药所能达到。他们接近始皇，非要炼药寻丹，乃是要传于天下。
秦始皇知道后，恼羞成怒，认为方士们在耍弄自己。
他们得志后，把罪人指向秦始皇，所以秦始皇成为万世暴君、遗臭千年。
秦始皇并没有杀淳于越，坑杀术士也是依法处理。欺骗国家财产，在古代是欺君之罪，欺君之罪就是杀头的罪。
虽然失去很多价值的书，令人感叹，但是秦始皇焚书与坑儒是合情合理。
由此，秦始皇入主咸阳城，通晓中国上下五千年的历史，知道自己死后，被儒家坑得如此之惨，怎么能不暴跳如雷。
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