第十二章 我们宋朝不下跪
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面对陈希亮的喝止,陈三郎有些错愕,他在感动歉疚之下,克服了老大的心理障碍,才进入三郎的角色……在他看来,古人在父母面前表示忏悔的时候,是肯定要下跪的。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com如果不下跪,站着说‘我错了’,估计就跟后世吹着口哨跟老爹说‘爷们生啥气?’一样,会被打扁的吧。
可为啥陈希亮的反应如此强烈?就好像自己丢了大人似的,难道在古代不下跪么?电视剧上不就是这么演的么?救命啊,我怎么跟个白痴似的……上辈子从小被夸到大的陈三哥,找块豆腐撞死的心都有了。
其实也不怪他,因为电视剧导演们也不知道,中国人在宋朝,是不跪的。
宋朝以前有跪,但古人‘席地而坐’,就是跪坐,又叫正坐,这是一种双膝着地的坐姿。从先秦到五代,跪都是一种坐礼,对坐时表示感激、敬意,行跪礼,如站立时行揖礼。
但那时相互叩拜是对等的,所谓‘来而不往非礼也’。君王与百官也平等,都采用跪坐姿势见面,只分主次、并不分高下。除非祭拜天地祖宗,才是单方面的拜叩,那也是因为,天地和死人是无法还礼的。
到了宋朝,高腿坐具凳子椅子,彻底取代了矮腿坐具,正坐废弃,作为正坐的副产品‘跪礼’,也变了味道,使相互叩拜的礼节出现了不对称。坐者高高在上,跪者五体投地,俯于坐者脚下。在宋朝人看来,这充满了屈辱的意味。除了拜祭祖先、天地,只有投降、认罪的时候才会用。
什么人才跪?奴隶和罪犯!对于普通人,天地君亲师,只用跪到第二位,就是见了君主……宋朝人亲切的称为‘官家’……也是只需要作揖即可。后面的亲与师更不用说……
至于中国人什么时候有了跪下礼呢?要诚挚感谢,蒙元那位耶律楚材的发明。蒙古人原本尊卑观念比较淡薄,这位天才的耶律大哥,决定用跪礼来修正这一点。窝阔台登基,他对察合台说:“你虽然是大汗的哥哥,但是从地位上讲,你是臣子,应当对大汗行跪拜礼。你带头下跪了,就没有人敢不拜。”于是,察合台就率领蒙古各部向大汗窝阔台行双膝跪拜大礼。从此,跪拜在蒙元一发而不可收,从中国原本最庄重的谢礼变成见面礼,越跪越多,动辄便跪,见到级别高一点的就要跪,跪软了膝盖,跪断了风骨、跪软了气节……
所谓‘崖山之后无中国’,跪礼的滥觞是最重要的一个方面。
三郎不知道自己错在哪儿,但他很快意识到,如果这种情况下,对自己的父亲都不用下跪,估计以后,很少有场合要下跪了。可能就是给皇帝跪跪?靠,国家主席哎,好遥远啊,三郎觉着自己这辈子,都不大可能见到皇帝的。
无论如何,不用动不动就下跪,这让他对这个万恶的旧社会,陡然多许多好感。
好处是错有错着,陈希亮被他给震惊了,以为这孩子已经在灵魂深处,认识到自身的错误了,竟然用认罪的姿态跟自己忏悔。
君子教子有七不责,所谓‘对众不责、愧悔不责、暮夜不责、饮食不责、欢庆不责、悲忧不责、疾病不责’。他本是打算,回头严厉训斥一下这无法无天的小子,这下当然要改变方式,换上温和的语气道:“三郎记住,人一生不断犯错,但有些错误是绝对不能犯的。犯一次,一生就彻底毁了。”
陈三郎诚心受教。
边上的小六郎认真听着,仰头望向父亲道:“那什么错可以不断犯?”
“什么错,都不能不断犯。”陈希亮慈爱的摸摸六郎的脑袋,柔声道:“圣人云,过而不改,是为过矣。记住了么?”
“嗯,记住了,我每样错只犯一次。”六郎奶声奶气道。
“臭小子,将来肯定是个淘气包。”陈希亮哈哈笑起来,心里郁闷也减轻不少。
中午时分,二郎回来了,见到三弟弟面黄肌瘦的样子,自然难免落泪。
“什么话路上说,去找辆大车来。”陈希亮已经把要带走的物事打包,其中除了孩子们的衣物,就是书籍,只有很少的一点日常用品。但毕竟是搬家,也想当沉重了。
陈忱赶紧和大郎出去,不一会儿推了辆板车回来,三人七手八脚将包裹箱笼装上车,三郎想帮把手,却没人用他……父兄都把他当成小孩子了,这让他分外不适应。
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